Conflict Resolution

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Conflict arises when one or more participants view the current system as unacceptable. And at least one party try's to voice their opinion in order to improve the situation. This can also be viewed as a process we put ourselves in order to achieve ideal conditions. The first thing one should realize is, conflict is a part of life and the best thing anybody can do is to deal with it in a positive manner. Conflict can be derived through various reasons for example, person's perspective, interest, belief system, or values. Because of globalization the work force is becoming more and more diverse, which in turn means more conflict. This is a not a bad thing it just means that a more effective team leaders and managers are required.

Through conflict we have opportunities to define ourselves better and allow us to do things differently in the future. Through resolution of conflict we can evolve and redefine ourselves, our relationships our community and our society.It is no coincidence that we find ourselves in conflict with those we spend the most time with, e.g. families, friends, associates etc.There are great benefits, just as long as we can constructively resolve conflict with those around us.

In some teams the choice facing many members does not center upon a choice between the team and the self interested.The members must agree some course of action.This is particularly true when the decisions facing the team are complex.Team members who among alternatives acknowledge that conflict exists, but agree to accept the outcome of the vote. The key issue becomes how to develop and utilize a suitable voting scheme.

There are several kinds of voting rules and different rules are used in different situations.The objective of voting rules can be to find the alternative that the greatest number of team members prefer, the alternative the fewest members object to or the choice that maximizes team welfare.Anything short of unanimity indicates disagreement or conflict within the team.In many cases, conflict will be reduced or eliminated following the conclusion of voting.

Voting does not guarantee conflict resolution. Members may not agree on method of voting.Some members may insist on unanimity, others on simple majority and still others on a weighted majority rule. Even if a voting method is agreed on, it my not yield a decision or may not yield a dingle decision. Finally, because voting does not eliminate conflicts of interests, but rather provides a way fro members to live with conflict, such decisions may not be stable.In this sense voting masks disagreements within teams, potentially threaten long-term group and organizational effectiveness.

The most common voting procedure is majority rule.However, it presents several problems in the attainment of consensus.Despite it democratic appeal, majority rule does not reflect the strength of individual preferences.The vote of a person who strongly supports the issue, counts the same as the individual who is virtually indifferent.Consequently, majority rule does not promote creative tradeoffs among issues. One of the most successful keys to conflict management is the ability to make tradeoffs between issues under discussion.When teams discuss only one issue at a time and vote on outcomes under consideration, this results in less profitable outcomes than when teams discuss issues simultaneously and seek consensus.

Unanimous decision-making is time consuming, it encourages team members to consider creative alternative to expend the size of the pie and satisfy the interest of all members.Unanimous rule can also present a problem.When an individual refuses to compromise he or she can force decisions on the entire group.

Negotiation is necessary when no one can dictate a solution.Team members must agree for any decision to be binding.Conflicts can become very costly and time consuming if not worked out with in a short amount of time.

The strategy of multiple offers can be effective with the most uncooperative of negotiators.This strategy involves presenting the other party with at least two proposals of equal value to you.The other party is asked to indicate which to the proposals they prefer.This should reveal information about how the other side values trade offs between different components of the negotiations.There are psychological benefits as well; when people believe they have more choices, they are more inclined to cooperate.

Many people make the mistake of relying solely on intuition.This mistake leads to faulty assumptions about what other people want.People are not very good at reading others' emotion in mixed-motive situations.In fact, intuition is almost completely unrelated to how well people actually do in negotiations.For example, the happy/unhappy theory: "If the other party is happy, then I probably did not do so well; if the other party is disappointed, then I probably did pretty well."

After defining what a conflict is and also determining what type of conflict the situation is, the last step in this process is resolving the situation. Conflict will always arise in life but the main idea that people have to understand is how people handle the situation. People may use the right way of solving a conflict or they might use the wrong approach to solving a conflict. Some of the points that you might not want to do when conflict occurs are timing, personalizing, brown bagging, and not listening.

The first point is timing. People should pick the right time to have an argument. It wouldn't be good to have an argument late at night, during another's favorite television show, after several drinks or before someone has to leave for work. If you think about this, it seems good because all of these ideas would just make people argue even more and nothing would get resolved. If there is a problem, and then people should set some time away where there would be no distractions and resolve the conflict.

Personalizing is a main key people do in conflicts because it shifts the issue to the other's personality. Instead of dealing with the problem at hand, people try to think of ways to get out of talking about the situation or even as far as hurting the other person by talking about the others' life.

The term brown bagging is a major key in conflict because people try to list as many things wrong as they can think of in as much detail they can. People do not limit themselves to the present because they will bring up things that already happened in the past that they have not gotten over.

One of the last key points is listening. Many people who have conflict, some of the people do not want to listen to what the other person has to say. This is a main issue because if nobody listens to one another, then the conflict will never be resolved. The people will be stuck in their ways and nobody will win in the situation.

When it really comes down to resolving a conflict, the main things you need to know are what you want out of the situation. There is a difference between what you want and what you need to resolve the conflict. Emotions make us do things that might make it harder to resolve the conflict or prolong it. People should concentrate on the pros and cons of the conflict and what they will gain by winning the conflict or losing. There should be a medium ground where people could come to an agreement where both people are happy.Some methods that people use are by forcing the issue. People are successful when they get what they want by using force on them but it mostly at the expense of the other person. Most people who use this quality are usually aggressive.

Another key that people do is withdrawal. Conflict is resolved when one person attempts to satisfy the concerns of the other by neglecting his or her own interests. In doing this, the conflict is resolved for the time being but might arise later on. People who withdraw from conflicts usually tend to be more on the passive side.

The last key to solving conflict is compromise. Compromise is when two or more people have an approach in which partial satisfaction is sought for both parties through a middle ground position that reflects mutual sacrifice. Basically, two people are giving up something that they feel strongly about to reach a decision that the two people will be happy with. This trait is one of the main ideas because when you see that people are trying to reach an end result that people will agree on, it is showing that people are going to make sacrifices for the good of the conflict. Establishing a compromised conflict, one or the other person might not be happy but the people will be able to get past that and make something better out of that situation.

In conclusion, there will always be conflict in life and in the work place. Conflict is a breakdown in the decision making process where an alternative cannot be chosen. The main issue is how we deal with conflict in an appropriate manner. There are many people that sometimes do not always take the right path in resolving a conflict. The main idea in resolving a conflict is to come up with the best plan of action that other people will agree on. Conflict resolution will benefit people because it helps people come to a conclusion that both sides will be comfortable with.

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An Event That Changed My Life

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Lying helpless on the ground is a humbling experience. It was hot that day, a dry heat. Texas summers are brutal, not knowing the exact moment when your body shuts down from dehydration. It was one of the worst summers, with temperatures in the lower hundreds. The grass was dead and the ground was hard and rocky, perfect to dive on. Playing soccer in Texas is odd; the weather is too cold or too hot. The only colors that stood out on the field were the dark blues and blacks of jerseys in a sea of brown. Being a goalkeeper, I have most of the responsibility to keep the team organized, if I fail at that job, it costs a goal. I started to cry from the pain, and blacked out. Breaking my neck definitely changed my perception of life.

We were already losing, and I was close to dehydration myself. My coaches, Kerri and Jerry, were yelling at my defenders to pick it up. I repeated it at the top of my lungs when I had to make sprawling save for the upper corner of the goal. As I threw the ball back into play, I yelled at Sean, my not-so-bright sweeper, with fiery words that would make a sailor blush. I bent down putting my hands on my knees in a futile effort to regain my sense of time and space. I was dehydrated. I looked around, desperately trying to find a yellow shirt. Everything was blurry, but I could make it out. "Hey, Mr. Official! How much time is left?" I yelled. He threw two hands up with five fingers on one, and two on the other. I could do this; there is only seven minutes to go in the half. I sucked it up, and started to concentrate on the ball and where it might go next. To my dismay, two forwards had moved up to join the attack, and one was dribbling down the field on a break away.

I sprung into action, stepping up to reduce the angle on the goal. I moved past the six-yard box, hands ready like steel traps waiting to snatch the ball out of the air. All of a sudden, I was face to face with him. This kid was good; he faked to the left, faked to the right, and finished with a scissor move. I glanced to the left to see the second wing coming up strong. Focusing my attention on the ball, I knew the pass was going to be made, and I was damned if I would let it go in. As soon as his left foot touched the ball for the pass, I dove. Both arms extended to the fullest, hands like brick walls waiting for the save. Perfectly timed, I tipped the ball as it came off his foot. Still in midair and moving at a great force, I hit headfirst into his thigh. When I hit, there was a loud crunch, as the impact cracked all of the cartilage in my spine and neck.A kaleidoscope of colors enveloped my vision, then blackness. I awoke on the ground to a ball in the goal, and a celebrating team. I slowly rose, unsure of my surroundings, and picked the ball up from inside the goal. The referee blew the whistle for half. I stumbled to the sideline as the adrenaline started to wear off, and collapsed at Kari's feet.

As soon as I collapsed, my legs and hands went numb, then nothing. It felt as if there was nothing below my waist. "I…I can't feel my legs." I murmured. Kari immediately knelt down beside me. "Where does it hurt Grant?" My whole body shook as the pain shot through my neck into my lower back. Everyone crowded around me, as if I were the subject of some weird new experiment. "Somebody call an ambulance!" Kari, yelling at the top of her lungs, was barking orders to everyone who stood around me. "Get away! Give him some air!" Everyone's voices seemed to fade farther and farther away as I slipped in and out of consciousness. Kari started asking me questions. "What day is it? Do you know where you are?" She asked with panic in her voice. "Sun…Sunday…I think?" I spoke with hesitation; I had no idea what day it was, or where I was for that matter. I lay there wondering if I was going to be able to walk again. Sirens rang in the distance as the ambulance got closer and closer. When the paramedics got to me, I started crying again, this was not some horrible dream. "Can you hear me?" the paramedic yelled, as he crouched over me. As the paramedics gently rolled me onto a backboard, they put a neck brace on me. After they secured me with medical tape and straps, they took my cleats off and ran the end of a ballpoint pen on the underside of foot. "Can you feel this?" he asked me. I started to cry as he tried repeatedly to get me to feel it. "I can't, I'm…scared." He went off to the side with the other paramedic and talked softly about what to do. "We can't take him in the truck, we need an airlift. Radio, we need a chopper out here as soon as possible." When he started walking away, I started to squeeze Kari's hand as hard as I could. "We need to clear the field, the helicopter needs someplace to land!" he yelled. It was not even three minutes later that I could hear the soft sounds of a helicopter circling high above. The paramedics, now at my side, told me that I was dehydrated, and I needed an IV. As he said that, another paramedic walked up with a pre-prepped needle and saline bag. They put it in my arm and covered it with medical tape. The intense pain localized completely in my neck and lower back numbed the sharp stick of the needle. There was an eerie calm right before the helicopter landed; the type of calm in the atmosphere right before a hurricane strikes. Then a deafening wind picked up as the helicopter touched the ground. Chunks of grass and sticks flew up from around the landing site, flying in all directions. The paramedics loaded me up into the helicopter, and quickly locked my backboard into place.

Tears ran down my face uncontrollably as we took off. One of the pilots riding in the back with me put an oxygen mask on my face, and talked to me to keep me awake. "You're going to be fine, we're taking you to Harris Methodist in Fort Worth!" She was yelling because of the noise that emanated from above us. We were constantly coming in and out of air pockets that would cause a sharp decrease in altitude. Every time the helicopter hit one of these pockets, sharp pains down the center of my back ensued, causing me to writhe around on the backboard. Fifteen minutes later, we set down on the roof of Harris Methodist Medical Center. Twelve stories up, on a stretcher I thought of my life as a whole. I started crying again, I was not happy with my life at all. If I died right now, I would not feel anything good about my life. "We have a spinal injury possible paralysis, saline drip, twenty-five CCs morphine!" The helicopter droned out the words of the doctors. After the pilots brought the doctors up to speed, they helped transfer me to a gurney, and promptly lifted the helicopter up again for the next call. The doctors wheeled me through an endless amount of corridors and doors, and finally down twelve stories to my new home for the next ten hours, trauma room one.

They lifted me quickly, but gently onto the trauma gurney, and proceeded to cut my clothes off. They took the field IV out, and replaced it with a new one. Attaching EKG monitors to my chest, they worked diligently and were as cool as steal. After I was in a stable condition, they started doing tests; poking and prodding at me like a science experiment gone horribly wrong. "Pupils dilated, still no feeling below waist, erratic heart beat!" they were calling out my condition as if I were not there. Everything they said sounded like the worst possible scenario. "We need a specialist down here right away!" It was not until I was laying on the gurney that I realized that the pain was getting worse, and more intense. I quickly told this fact to the first available nurse working on me; she immediately pulled a syringe out of her white coat pocket and pushed the needle into my IV tube. I immediately felt the fluid flowing into my arm, numbing every bit of pain in my body. Suddenly I got my wits about me, and started asking questions. "Am I going to be able to walk again?" I asked with such desperation that the nurse turned and could not answer me. I would have rather died right there than not been able to walk ever again. I started going through everything I had done wrong in my life and closed my eyes, waiting for the inevitable news. Then my parents were there, holding my hand. I opened my eyes, to see my mom with tears running down her face talking to me. "How you feeling Grant?" she asked, her voice made everything I was feeling melt away. I suddenly felt as if everything was going to be okay. After eight hours on that backboard, and an uncountable number of X-Rays, the feeling finally returned to my legs. The doctors later told me that I had a compression fracture between C and C, and a mild concussion. They finally released me after ten hours of laying on that damn backboard. I had a cute neck brace to wear for weeks and several different kinds of painkillers to take.

I used to live life as if I had all the time in the world. After that experience, I started to live every day as if it were my last. I grew as a person and learned to appreciate the finer things in life. I had always wanted to study philosophy, so while I was stuck, bed-ridden for a week, I studied. I learned a lot about my self and how ashamed of my life I really was. I now live my life to the extreme; I take opportunities now I would not have taken before. I never know when I am going to die; so, why not live life to the fullest? We are but grains of salt falling through the hourglass of time. There is nothing more humbling than truly realizing that.

Please note that this sample paper on An Event That Changed My Life is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on An Event That Changed My Life, we are here to assist you.Your research papers on An Event That Changed My Life will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Analyzing the Competition

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ANALYZING THE COMPETITION

The catering business in this area is a very competitive market.Since we live in the capital of the US, people tend to be more elegant and throw more parties, especially wealthy people.In order to survive in this market, or in any kind of market, you have to get a feel for how your top competitors do business.This will help avoid mistakes made by them and see the positive things in their company so I can adjust them to mine.I did some research and found the top two catering companies in the area Events Catering and Occasions Catering.

I got the opportunity to interview one of the owners of Events Catering, John Jackson who is also the CEO of the company. We had an extensive conversation on how they do business.They are the top catering company in this area.This is mainly because they don't only offer you the catering service, but also the rental of the equipment needed for the party.They have an enormous warehouse were they have everything from complete kitchen stoves to forks and knives for party rentals.Another service offered by this company is that, since they have been in this business for many years now, they have people that you can contact for the decoration, flower arrangements, music and any other thing aside from the food that you will need for you event.

As John Jackson said, Events Catering is has and is controlled by three owners; one of which is the president, the other one is in charge of the warehouse and the third is in charge of handling business with extremely important customers.The company counts with a general manager, who oversees all of the company including the warehouse.Then there is the sales associate manager who is in charge of all the sales associate personnel, who are the ones that sell the party to the client. There is also a manager for scheduling, a department in charge of calling and scheduling waiters for the events. In the kitchen, they count with a manager that oversees all of the kitchen and then a supervisor for each individual kitchen, which are the pastry kitchen, bread kitchen, cold kitchen and hot food kitchen.The warehouse has the same kind of structure; a manager for each area, linen, silverware, and cleaning.All of these managers meet once every other week to discuss and solve any issues concerning their area.

Events Catering does not invest too much money or time in marketing.This is mainly because they are the oldest company in the market and word of mouth is their main marketing strategy.But like any other company it does need a little of exposure.This is why they have ads in top bridle magazines and top food magazines.The ads always show a table, very well presented with their best tableware, and some of their more elaborate food.

Events Catering has also a show room that is remodeled four times a year, every time there is a change in the season.Like the showroom, Events Catering, recreates everything for each season.Every change of seasons the sales associates get together and create new menus to offer their clients with.Since most of their clients have been the same for many years, in order to stay in business they have to be creative and innovative. Also they bring new linen for each season.For summer they try to have colorful linen and for winter they have more darken color and heavy material for their linens.

I think that the reason why this company has done so well is their customer orientation.They are very concerned in fulfilling all the clients needs and wants.They offer them the entire commodity a customer could expect.A free tasting of their menus is given sometimes so customers can decide what they want to offer in their party.When the party begins, the company also takes care of the setting up and when it is over, the company cleans up the place where the party was given. Basically the client just has to worry about the cost and that is it.

Every day the company receives a lot of inquiring calls asking about their prices and availability to cater a party.They have business all year round but like any market it has its high seasons and its low seasons.In a high season the chefs prepare food sometimes for close to four thousand people a day and in a low season they prepare food for three hundred to eight hundred people a day. Because of this day to day changes in operations, this business is constantly varying the way of management.In high season it is very hectic, calls come in every second not to schedule parties because parties are scheduled at least three to four months ahead of time, but to ask for more equipment or food, or to talk to a sale associate regarding a problem in a party.

In this market you will encounter with many risks and problems, and this is one company that knows about it.In order to prevent lay-off in low seasons, Events Catering has to sell a lot during high season to use that profit to maintain the salary of all their employees during low seasons.There have been times were they have not been able to pull it, and because of the lack of profits there were some layoffs.

Events Catering did not start in the market with everything it has now.They have invested a lot of money in equipment, buildings and personnel.They started out with a very small kitchen and some offices.Little by little the bank has offered them loans to buy buildings for new offices and for the warehouse also they have had to take out loans to buy all the equipment that they now own.All of these loans have paid off because they are the only catering company that owns all of the equipment needed for the parties.Because of it, every cent they receive for each event belongs to them, meaning that they do not have to pay equipment rental or anything like that.They only thing that they have to worry about is paying the waiters; the rest is mostly profit.

Occasions Caterers is the second largest catering company in the area.I could not get a hold to one of the owners to get an interview so I went to their web page to obtain some information on the company.Occasions Caterers web page, www.occasionscaterers.com, showed me that the company has been in business for sixteen years.It is currently a very stable company and one of the top catering companies in the area.

Like Events Catering, Occasion Caterers offers a complete course meal to the client.They have a list of florist, musicians, lighting, transportation, and pastry chefs, who work closely with them.A customer may contact these people anytime in order to fully prepare an event.In the menus they include breakfast, brunch, lunch and dinner.A customer also has the choice to create his or her own menu.Occasions Caterers also offers a wide variety of fine china, silver, decorative platters, and handcrafted baskets.

The two owners currently work inside of the company, one as the CEO and the other one as the creative director of it.They have one executive chef, who is in charge of all the kitchens.There are seven account executives, which directly deal with the client.Their mission is to sell the event to the client.Currently Occasion Caterers hold around one hundred employees.

Occasion Caterers has a more aggressive marketing strategy.They also have ads in magazines that are run each month in about 4 magazines and newspapers.Even though they invest in these ads, they believe that the best marketing is word of mouth.That is the reason why they are committed to satisfy their clients one hundred percent.

Occasions offer a wide variety of foods depending on what kind of events the customer wants to have.I think that Occasions offer more variety than Events Catering.Not only do they offer different kind of food but also have different menu logos.They offer different styles of events for different clients and tastes.They have less staff and equipment that some other companies but this company has learned to work with what they have.

The process starts by the client choosing the menu for his or her party.Then the account executive has to match the scene of the event with the linen, flowers, silverware and glassware.During this process the account executive always takes into consideration the clients needs and wants.

Like I mentioned before with Events Catering, there are great risks in any kind of market, and catering is not an exception.With what happened on September 11, many of their parties got cancelled and they were left with a lot of food that could not be used.This is something that can happen anytime and in the past has happened.For one reason or another parties can get cancelled.This is when the company has to figure out what to do with the food, or if they should charge the client for it, and the company eventually losses money.

Again, this company also started very small.They only had the capacity to handle only very small parties.The business went so well that in two years they had grown tremendously.They moved to a bigger building in the heart of the nation capital.Not only did they get a bigger building, but also landed bigger clients.Occasions Caterers continues to grow very rapidly.

After analyzing these two companies I have realized that there is more work into this business, than what I thought there would be.The positive thing, though, is that these companies have both grown enormously and in a considerable amount of time. I think that analyzing these two potential competitions is very good and will help me avoid mistakes made by them.It also gave me a better feeling about the adventure that I am getting in.I found out of the real problems that I might have to face in the market and also learned of some solutions.

Please note that this sample paper on Analyzing the Competition is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Analyzing the Competition, we are here to assist you.Your research papers on Analyzing the Competition will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Hush little baby

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Book Report #1-Hush Little Baby

Set in 10's New Jersey, USA.A seventeen year old teenager, Kit Innes is challenged to a very big problem that a teenager shouldn't have to deal with.Kit comes from a divorced family that has just moved from California to New Jersey.Although her parents are divorced they do live fairly close to each other for Kit's sake.Kit's mother remarried a man named Malcolm, and her father as well with a women name Dusty but they divorced within a few months.Everybody new that Kit's father's remarriage wouldn't work out because Dusty was 40 year old women with a 1 year old's brain.She was irresponsible and senseless all that concerned her was her clothes and her hair.Nobody liked her but Kit always got along with her, when Dusty and her father were having problems, Dusty would always call Kit and talk to her about it.This friendship with Dusty is what leads Kit to the big problem that she is going to face.Other Characters involved in the story are Rowen Mason the boy that likes Kit and his little sister Muffin.Ed Bing who is Dusty's cousin, the married couple Burt and Cinda.

The initial situation involves Dusty showing up at her ex-husbands house when she is not supposed to be there.Kit happens to be home alone when Dusty arrives.Dusty walks into the house with a baby in her hand, Kit had never seen or heard of any news of Dusty having a baby.As soon as Dusty sees Kit she shows a great sense of relief and happiness."I am so relieved! You take care of the baby, Kit, I'll be right back." (page 10) She did not give Kit a chance to answer and walked out the door, got in her car and drove away.Now Kit was left with a baby that she had no idea how to take care of.She didn't know whose baby it was, she didn't know why the baby was with her, she didn't even know the baby's name.Kit tried to remain calm and think about what she should do.She didn't want to call her parents because she didn't want Dusty to get in trouble.So she figured Dusty just needed some time alone and she would come back for the baby.

Kit is now at home trying her best to act as a babysitter waiting for Dusty to return.She had decided to give the baby a name, Sam.The incident that occurs which leads to the trigger incident is when the door bell rings Kit was so relieved "It has to be Dusty" she thought to herself, she ran to the door and opened it with out looking.A tall skinny man takes a step into her house, he wore ragged clothing and his breath smelt like alcohol.He was looking for Dusty.Kit was scared and confused, the man had told her that he was Dusty's cousin, Ed and that Dusty had sent him for the baby.Kit didn't believe him and lied and said the baby wasn't here.Ed then turned around and apologized for the inconvience.Kit started thinking to herself that something weird was going on, it's been three hours and Dusty hasn't returned for her baby that she just left with a teenager with no experience of babysitting especially a baby that was hardly touching a month old.Rowen and Muffin showed up at Kit's house to pick her up for a movie over at her cousin Shea's house.Kit explains the situation to him.The trigger incident is when a women calls claiming to be another one of Dusty's cousins, Cinda.She had a very sweet voice she apologized for Ed she said that they all have had a bad day and that they're really glad to hear that the baby is with her.She managed to persuade Kit to bring the baby over to her house.

Kit being so grateful to return Sam to his family where he could finally be loved and pampered had start driving to Cinda's house with Muffin, Rowen disagreed with the whole situation and refused to go.Kit ended up driving into some place where there were no cars and no houses.She found the house that Cinda had given her directions too.It was the only house on the whole road.Muffin went into the house to use the washrooms, she told Kit quietly when she returned that there was no soap in the house, no furniture, and a bunch of greasy pizza boxes.Cinda and her husband Burt and Ed didn't seem very secure, Burt kept on saying "We're running out of time"(page10) Cinda seemed very suspicious and Ed seemed very violent.They told Kit that they were adopting Sam from Dusty and that they needed the baby right away.Kit didn't understand why they didn't pick up the baby at the hospital, and why they asked Kit for the baby and not Dusty.Kit decided that she wanted to bring the baby back and wait for Dusty to come home and then they can settle the situation.Burt kept on saying "Its too late Cinda, just let her take the baby and leave" Cinda replied "No I waited too long for this chance, it's my baby!" as they were arguing Kit managed to sneak away with Muffin and the baby.This was one of the main incidents that occurred in the story that lead to the climax.

The climax of this story occurs when Dusty shows up at Kit's house with Ed.She explained everything to Kit, she said it was a private adoption that Dusty had arranged with Cinda and Burt because they both couldn't have babies.Cinda and Burt had offered to give Dusty fifty thousand dollars and Ed for delivering the baby another fifty thousand dollars.Dusty had proven herself to be everything that people said she was, "She's a manipulative woman, extraordinarily selfish"(page18).Kit didn't want to give Sam away she wanted to wait till her father whom was in Seattle called and told her what to do.Dusty manage to trick her into going upstairs and getting Sam the baby some clothes while her and Ed ran away with the baby.The narrorator in the book usually jumps between two scenes at a time. Kit had decided that it was Dusty's baby after all and to just forget the whole thing happened.Rowen and Muffin secretively followed Ed and Dusty to see where they were taking the baby.Meanwhile Cinda and Burt the couple that were suppose to adopt Sam showed up at Kits house.They were looking for the baby.Kit told them she didn't have him and Cinda threatened her with a knife.Then they took Kit with them, because her dad had called and said he had already called the police.So now Cinda, Burt and Kit were on the run, Cinda received a call from Ed to meet them to exchange Sam the baby for the fifty thousand dollars.

The out come of the story was quite typical all the bad guys got caught.Ed found out that they were being followed by Rowen and his little sister Muffin.So he crashed into Rowens car and kidnapped Muffin.Rowen managed to wave over someone driving on the road and called the police.Muffin is now with Ed she manages to outsmart him and call for help using the high beams of his car while he was outside smoking.Meanwhile Burt left his wife Cinda with Kit because they were in separate cars he was following them and then he just disappeared.Cinda right now was very emotional and wanted to die.She couldn't get the baby because she didn't have fifty thousand dollars and her husband abandoned her.She tried to run herself and Kit over a bridge but cowered out. This caught the attention of the police. The baby was given to social workers to find him a home. Ed was arrested for kidnapping and Cinda and Burt apparently were wanted for other criminal offences as well.

After all of this Kit, Rowen and Muffin the three kids had learned a very important lesson.That you always tell an adult what is going on if you find yourself in a situation that you don't know how to handle.Throughout the story they all thought about calling the police or even their parents but they never did.At the very end they realize that this whole thing could have been avoided if they had called one of their parents or the police.They also realize how lucky they are to come from a loving family because throughout the story they seen how Sam the baby was just thrown around like he was doll and that his needs weren't important to anyone.

The main narrative effect achieved in this story is the suspense.This is portrayed throughout plot of the story.The author allows a lot of main incidents to happen in the story before the truth is revealed.There are many different scenes that occur which build up a tremendous amount of suspense for the reader.One of the scenes that demonstrate suspense in the story is when Kit gets the phone call from Cinda and is driving to an unknown persons house, which she has never heard of, or seen, but claims to be Dusty's cousin. This part of the story really kept me going because I didn't think that they were Dusty's cousin.The actions chosen by the characters in the story also create suspense.You have these three kids whom decide to make decisions for themselves and the baby which are really dangerous.You get a sense of insecurity for the children when you're reading the book which causes suspense and for the reader to continue to see what happens.

There is definitely some mystery in this story.The way the author chose to demonstrate mystery in this story is through everyone telling lies.Kit is given the baby in the beginning without explanation of anything.She bumps into all these different incidents which she finds very suspicious.So the mystery of this story is why Dusty had dropped off the baby with Kit.This is revealed towards the end of the story.

The biggest surprise in this story is in the beginning when Kit is surprised with the baby.She had just come over to her fathers house to pick up a sweatshirt and ends up having to look after an infant which has no idea how to do.She is also surprised throughout the book with all these people appearing at her door wanting the baby.I think that the author could have emphasized the surprises more by better choice in vocabulary to make it more interesting.

There isn't any humor in the story at all.

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Fitzgerald Showing Gatsby's Future

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F. Scott Fitzgerald's words can be perceived in many different ways. Though out chapters 7 and 8 there is a sense of loneliness and grief, which is foreshadowing Gatsby's death.

In chapter 7 Nick has sudden attack of loneliness and isolation, he talks about that day is his thirtieth birthday while Jordan is collecting the thing to leave. Then they reflect on what just happened by, "the promise of a decade of loneliness, a thinning list of single men to know, a thinning briefcase of enthusiasm, thinning hair. But there was Jordan beside me who, unlike Daisy, was too wise ever to carry well-forgotten dreams from age to age.... So we drove on toward death through the cooling twilight"(The Great Gatsby, pg 14). Nick has this feeling that there is no reason for living any more. This quote is foreshadowing that Gatsby is going to his death. In the beginning of chapter 7, when every body is walking to the car to go to New York Tom says something. Tom said to Gatsby that he looked so cool. In the quote above the part "So we drove on toward death through the cooling twilight" this is showing that Gatsby is going to his death because of the word cool, which is referred to him by Tom. Also the yellow car shows the end of his dreams.

Jays yellow car comes to symbolize the fall of his dream. It is a symbol of what his dream has become, dirty, compared to the old green light Gatsby once looked at was now gone. Gatsby is so depressed because he has lost his love, "Daisy and Tom were sitting opposite each other at the kitchen table.... They werent happy...yet they werent unhappy either. There was an unmistakable air of natural intimacy about the picture, and anybody would have said that they were conspiring together"(pg 15). Nick saw all this and knew right then that Gatsby and Daisy will probity never see each other again because of what is revealed about him at the hotel room. Nick knew that Gatsby would not what to live any more. Fitzgerald always brings the book into the mood before it happens. There are all these feelings of heartache and guilt in these two chapters showing these foreshadows on Gatsby's death. Gatsby finally gets killed and all these feelings that the characters have are all leading up to Gatsby's breakdown and soon after his death.

In conclusion Fitzgerald foreshadowed Gatsby's death in the book by showing feelings of heartbreaking, depression, and Finally the Breakdown. All these clues left by Fitzgerald was to show the reader that Gatsby in the end is going to die.

Please note that this sample paper on Fitzgerald Showing Gatsby's Future is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Fitzgerald Showing Gatsby's Future, we are here to assist you.Your college papers on Fitzgerald Showing Gatsby's Future will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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I only want to register, I don'T have any essay.

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on I only want to register, I don'T have any essay.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality I only want to register, I don'T have any essay. paper right on time.

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Manhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and JesManhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and JesManhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and JesManhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and JesManhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and JesManhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and JesManhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and JesManhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and JesManhattans celebrations, now in their sixteenth year, are held several weeks before Diwali itself.

Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, celebrates the triumph of good over evil, as represented by the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after slaying the demon Ravana and rescuing his wife, Sita.

Two stages in lower Manhattan were filled with dancers and music reflecting customs from all over India.

The outside festival is always held on the first Sunday in October before the weather worsens.

This years event coincided with another Hindu festival, Dusshera.

Good get-together

Much of the emphasis of the day was on children and the younger generation of Indian Americans.

The second generation is... less concerned about India, and more about the USA, their adopted homeland

Shashi Shah, Vice-president of the Association of Indians in America

Eleven-year-old Shraya was part of an ensemble who performed a dance from northern India.

The four girls are the Gopis - women from the village - and the boy was Krishna - so we were worshipping him, she explains.

Vishal, Preeta, Swati and Jes Please note that this sample paper on I only want to register, I don'T have any essay. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on I only want to register, I don'T have any essay., we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on I only want to register, I don'T have any essay. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

The Marks

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KYDepartment of Education

http//www.kde.state.ky.us/KDE/Instructional+Resources/Curriculum+Documents+and+Resources/Program+of+Studies+-+High+School+Arts+and+Humanities.htm

Program of Studies - High School Arts and Humanities

Last updated on Saturday, May 4, 00

History and Appreciation of Visual and Performing Arts

Content in history and appreciation of visual and performing arts is a graduation requirement for all students. The content builds upon knowledge and skills acquired in middle level arts programs to provide students with a grounding in the arts that enables them to appreciate their cultural and historical heritage.

The content in history and appreciation of visual and performing arts includes the disciplines of dance, music, theatre, art, and literature combined with the humanities. A variety of media, print sources, and participatory activities are blended to provide a connection among periods, styles, and cultures. Students become aware that time, place, and society influence the arts and humanities and that different peoples share common experiences and attitudes. The main focus is to enable students to respond to all art forms through describing, analyzing, interpreting, evaluating, and considering the arts as significant human achievements

In addition to specifying the essential arts and humanities content, the bulleted items provide connections to Kentuckys Learning Goal 5 (Think and Solve Problems) and Goal 6 (Connect and Integrate Knowledge). These connections provide a comprehensive link between essential content and the skills and abilities important to learning. Lists in parentheses (designated with an e.g.) are suggestions for instruction and are not meant to be comprehensive.

A local board of education may substitute an integrated, applied, interdisciplinary, or higher level course for a required course if the alternative course provides rigorous content and addresses the same academic expectations.

High School Arts and Humanities

History and Appreciation of Visual and Performing Arts

In order for students to appreciate and respond to the arts and humanities, they must understand the historical contexts in which the arts developed and how artists create and perform in various arts disciplines.

Arts

Interrelationships Among The Arts

AH-H-I-1

Students will consider how artists in various cultures use elements and principles of arts to create artistic works.

AH-H-I-

Students will examine how any artists performance is influenced by the culture, period, and style in which a work is created.

Historical and Cultural Context

AH-H-I-

Students will analyze, interpret, and evaluate the creation and performance of works in various arts disciplines.

AH-H-I-4

Students will explain how ideas, thoughts, and traditions of humankind are reflected in arts through historical and cultural contexts.

Dance

Elements of Dance

AH-H-Da-1

Students will describe the process of making dance and how elements of dance (space, time, force) are used to create and communicate meaning.

AH-H-Da-

Students will describe and analyze the effect music, costumes, lighting, props, and scenery have on the choreographic idea of dance.

AH-H-Da-

Students will describe how performers use elements of dance in various dance styles and improvisation.

Historical and Cultural Context

AH-H-Da-4

Students will describe similarities and differences among dance styles.

AH-H-Da-5

Students will compare and contrast how dance is used in thematic, social, historical, and/or political contexts.

AH-H-Da-6

Students will analyze, interpret, and evaluate various aspects of a dance performance.

AH-H-Da-7

Students will explain how dance reflects various time cultures, periods, and styles.

AH-H-Da-8

Students will analyze the way a dance might be viewed from different perspectives (critics, audiences, choreographers, performers).

AH-H-Da-

Students will analyze, interpret, and evaluate roles of compositional forms in dance.

Music

Elements of Music

AH-H-M-1

Students will use elements of music (rhythm, melody, form, timbre, harmony, tempo, dynamics) to describe how musicians compose, perform, and improvise.

AH-H-M-

Students will interpret music notation and symbols.

AH-H-M-

Students will describe how musicians apply basic knowledge, skills, and interpretations in musical performances.

Historical and Cultural Context

AH-H-M-4

Students will analyze, interpret, and evaluate various aspects of musical performances.

AH-H-M-5

Students will describe various styles and purposes of music and explain how music reflects historical and cultural influences.

Theatre

Elements of Drama

AH-H-Dr-1

Students will apply knowledge and skills of elements of production (set, lighting, costumes, sound, spectacle) to interpret dramatic works.

AH-H-Dr-

Students will apply knowledge and skills of elements of performance (e.g., monologue, dialogue, soliloquy, character motivation, voice, sensory recall) to interpret dramatic works.

AH-H-Dr-

Students will describe how playwrights, directors, actors, and stage technicians employ elements of production and performance to create and perform dramatic works (e.g., formal theatre, film, television), to express ideas and emotions, and to achieve a desired effect or response from audiences.

AH-H-Dr-4

Students will apply knowledge and skills of dramatic elements (e.g., exposition, development, climax, reversal, denouement, protagonist, antagonist, tension, foreshadowing) to interpret dramatic works.

AH-H-Dr-5

Students will identify skills and training necessary for a variety of careers related to drama.

AH-H-Dr-6

Students will analyze descriptions, dialogue, and actions within scripts or texts to discover, describe, and justify character motivation.

AH-H-Dr-7

Students will describe, model, and use theatre etiquette.

Historical and Cultural Context

AH-H-Dr-8

Students will identify, analyze and classify dramatic works from various periods, styles, and cultures by considering cultural and symbolic clues such as style, setting, costume, movement, language, and staging.

AH-H-Dr-

Students will analyze influences of history and culture in the writing, production, and performance of a dramatic works.

AH-H-Dr-10

Students will compare how dramatic works from various cultures and historical periods reveal universal themes.

AH-H-Dr-11

Students will describe and compare interactions between performing (e.g., theatre, dance, music) and visual artists and their audiences.

Visual Arts

AH-H-VA-1

Students will describe how visual artists use elements of art, principles of design, processes (e.g., drawing, painting, textiles), media (e.g., paint, fibers, wood, clay), and techniques to create art works.

Historical and Cultural Context

AH-H-VA-

Students will analyze, interpret, and evaluate a variety of art works.

AH-H-VA-

Students will explain how visual artworks reflect cultures, time periods, and styles.

Please note that this sample paper on The Marks is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Marks, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on The Marks will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

What are the main consequences of colonialism for the colonies

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During the last half millennium, the major European powers decided that it would be beneficial to their interests if they obtained colonies overseas to help with their economic expansion, among other things. They also wanted to develop capitalism and create a world market with an international division of labour. There were two main phases of colonial expansion (Chandra, 1). The first of these was from 1450-1800, and the colonies were seen as places to trade with, but they didnt produce raw materials and werent seen as markets. Colonialism meant conquest, plunder and small amounts of settlement. The second phase occurred after the industrial revolution when there was a great need for raw materials to be used in domestic factories. This period was from 1800-145, and it was a phase of exploitation rather than a phase of expansion. The colonial leaders also saw the colonies as markets for the products that they produced at home, and they were often used against the interests of other competing colonial powers.

`The implications of colonial rule on the colonies are considerable, and there was a large impact on local economics, culture and political systems. The manner in which decolonization took place also led to problems. Many geographers see a colonial past as probably the most important initial condition for underdevelopment. Although there is an obvious negative association between colonial rule and industrialisation, colonialism did give some benefits to the colonies.

`The most obvious legacy of colonial rule was the deprivation of resources on a massive scale over a long period of time. In the later stages of colonial rule, the resources that could be exploited were the main reason for establishing a colony. For example, between 1600-1810, the Spanish rulers exported 185 tons of gold and ,000 tons of silver from their colonies in the Americas back to Spain, and in 1585, one quarter of all Spanish revenue came from the colonies in the new world. This kind of exploitation was common to all rulers of colonies, and the British extracted over £100,000,000 from India in about 50 years of colonial power. After the industrial revolution, the need for more and more raw materials came about, so there was even more exploitation of the colonies.

`Leading on from the above point, there was a policy to actively discourage industrialisation in the colonies for a number of reasons. It firstly meant competition for the industries at home, but it also diverted labour from the production of raw materials, and it reduced the market for manufacturing goods. This was why there was no state intervention to help the domestic colonial industries to grow, and they were further hampered by the free trade policy that was imposed on them. African imports were banned by the metropolitan powers of Europe, but they had no qualms about flooding the colonial market with cheap European goods to destroy the local industries. For example, India lost 7% of its workforce in the manufacturing sector in the period 1800-1881 due to British colonial policy. Other examples of this course of action include the illegalisation of slitting and rolling mills, blast furnaces and forges after 1750 in America, and the shutting down of a twine factory in Tanganyika in 16, because British industrialists decided to complain about it. The whole colonial policy is shown perfectly in that there was only 47 industrial establishments employing more than ten people in Ibadan in 16, and only of these employed more than 100. The surplus generated by industry was directed back to the colonial powers rather than back into the industry.

`Industrialisation only really began in earnest after independence, and in many cases there was a great deal of state intervention, leading to a mushrooming of state ownership. This coupled with the economic conditions it produced led to dominant class formations which were to have profound effects on political power in the future.

`Slavery is probably the worst legacy of colonialism, and this was the trade of labour, mainly from Africa, to the new world to work for European settlers. It is estimated that between 1601 and 1870, 15,00,000 left Africa. This not only decimated the local population but it led to mixing in previously homogenous races, which caused severe racial tension, an example being in the deep south of the USA.The system of indentured labour is also a colonial legacy.

`Many former colonial countries are now suffering serious demographic problems, which are partly due to their colonial history. The population numbers began to grow when the death rate started to decline but there was no fall in the birth rate to match it. The drop in the death rate was due to Western health standards, the introduction of insecticides (e.g. DDT), and also due to modern medical facilities. This caused serious problems in the later years of colonial rule, and coupled with slow economic growth and persistently low levels of production, the resulting population explosion led to widespread pauperisation and marginalisation.

`As all government decisions were taken by the colonial rulers, when the colonies actually got independence, very few people actually knew how to look after the country, and almost none of them knew about the workings of a democratic government. In the past the decisions had been made to benefit the European powers, so the newly independent powers were not sure what was the best thing to do to benefit their country. Their was little or no input by the natives of the colonies during the colonial era, and they rarely held positions of any importance. In Portuguese Angola, everything was ran by Portugal. This is why after independence many African countries and colonies in other parts of the world had anti-democratic policies.

`The whole idea of colonialism was underpinned by the issue of racism, that Europeans were in some way better than the inhabitants of the countries that were to be colonised. The natives of the country were made to feel inferior, and they were constantly reminded of this fact, while the Europeans felt confident. The best example of this legacy was the policy of apartheid in South Africa, where the whites and the blacks were separated for years after the break down of colonial rule and subsequent independence. Racism was the justification for giving the blacks lower wages and fewer rights than those of the white people.

`The use of force in colonial times had an effect on the colonies which is still felt today. Firstly, the indigenous tribes such as the Maoris and the aborigines were forced of their land and they are now found in tiny areas which are not too far removed from ghettos. Many present governments of former colonies still use force as a political tool, an example being the expulsion or imprisonment of an influential political opponent. The force shown by the colonial rulers is being continued in some countries at present.

`One final negative legacy of colonialism is that countries after independence have been left vulnerable to new forms of external economic forces, such as changes in international commodity prices, and this has had an adverse effect on planned economic development.

`Colonialism has not been totally destructive for the former colony and they have gained certain things from being formally under colonial rule. When countries were taken over by the European countries, trade routes were opened up with places that were formally unreachable. They now had the ability to obtain things that they could not produce themselves, and they were also able to dispose of surplus as well as specialise in products that had a comparative advantage.

`When countries got independence, various colonial institutions and infrastructures were left behind that benefited the country in the long term. The most obvious of all these would be the physical infrastructure of railways, roads and ports that are now a vital part of the economy but were originally set up to transport raw materials around more efficiently, and to move imported goods around. In 10, India ( a former colony) had 5,000kms of railway compared to China, which had only 10,800kms. Educational and legal systems that were set up, along with law and order formed the basis for subsequent development after independence.

`During colonial times, there was less fighting between neighbouring tribes, and colonialism tended to have a calming influence in this respect. Another colonial idea was the creation of modern states to prevent problems and to allow people of a similar background to live together peacefully. Although this was a success at the time, it is now leading to problems in the present.

`All in all, colonialism had a negative effect on the colonies rather than a positive one, but it can be argued either way as to whether it was beneficial or not. For example, Ethiopia, which only had a few years of Italian rule has benefitted from the physical infrastructure set up during its time as a colony, especially the railways. Taiwan, which was a former Japanese colony, now has one of the fastest growing economies in the world due to the industrial base that was set up during its time as a colony. But for every country that has benefited from a colonial history, there are at least two that have sufferd as a result of it, especially the poor countries of Africa and Latin America.

Allen, Tim, & Thomas, Alan. 1. Poverty and Development in the 10s. Oxford University Press.

`Bairoch, Paul. 18. The Economic Development of the Third World since100. Methuen.

`Chandra, Rajesh. 1. Industrialization and Development in the Third World. Routledge.

`Cotton, James Sutherland. 188. Colonies and Dependencies. Macmillan.

`Dasgupta, Ajit Kumar. 174. Economic Theory and the Developing Countries. Macmillan.

`Potter, Robert B. 18. Urbanization, Planning and Development in the Caribbean. Mansell.

`Reitsma, H A, & Kleinpenning, J M G. 185. The Third World in Perspective. Van Gorcum.

`Simpson, E S. 187. The Developing World An Introduction. Wiley

`Swindell, Kenneth & Mortimore, M J. 18. Inequality and Development Case Studies from the Third World. Macmillan.Please note that this sample paper on What are the main consequences of colonialism for the colonies is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on What are the main consequences of colonialism for the colonies, we are here to assist you.Your research papers on What are the main consequences of colonialism for the colonies will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Separation of powers in british constitution

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The word constitution dates back at least as far as the Roman orator Cicero who used it in the limited sense of a regulation or ordinance. With the emperor Justinian in a later century it embraced the full body of imperial law, limiting the freedom of action of the subject though not of the sovereign.

A major change occurred in England in 1688 when King James II fled from London and was deemed to have abdicated. The political leaders of the time invited William of Orange to become king on condition that he accepted the provisions of a newly drawn up Declaration of Rights. The following year a Convention Parliament was elected to incorporate this Declaration into English law. Now called the Bill of Rights it stated that certain of the monarchs competences as head of the executive would now require the consent of Parliament.

This arrangement became known as the constitutional settlement and the word constitution began to take on its modern meaning. According to Lord Chesterfield writing in the mid-18th century, England is the only monarchy in the world that properly can be said to have a constitution, and it intrigued visitors from other European countries such as Voltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau.

Throughout the 18th century, and as a result of the Bill of Rights, there was a clear shift of executive power towards ministers able to command a parliamentary majority. Yet inherited ideas had not been totally abandoned. William Blackstone, writing at the same time as Chesterfield, expressed the view in his Commentaries on the laws of England That the king can do no wrong is a necessary and fundamental principle of the English Constitution. Here the word constitution is used more loosely, meaning the totality of the countrys laws and (often unwritten) conventions.

This led De Tocqueville to comment in the following century that England was the only country without a constitution namely, no single written document or law defining its institutions and their role in the body politic. Nevertheless, constitutional debate has continued throughout the three centuries since the Bill of Rights, resulting in many more adjustments to our system of governance, including greater democratic accountability through extension of the franchise and of the powers of the House of Commons. These were mostly small steps prompted by changing circumstances rather than stages in a pre-determined design.

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Ancient Egyptian Mummification

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Ancient Egyptian Mummification

Mummification is the method of embalming a dead body.The Ancient Egyptians started this practice about 600 B.C.The process of becoming a mummy was very expensive. Normally only Pharaohs, members of nobility, and officials laid to rest in the tombs of Egypt.One might ask, "Why become a mummy?" The Egyptian religious beliefs were founded on the fact that of the outer physical self is most important.

Survival after death depended upon the preservation of the body. At the day of resurrection, the Ka or soul would re-enter the dead body.In order for soul to return, the body had to be intact. Without the physical body, the soul could not find peace or rest.This alludes to the idea that the physical body the most important part of death. This belief influences the architectural design of the tomb, where the corpse was ultimately sealed (Silverman 14, 17).It followed logically, that 'once the corpse was embalmed or mummified, it must be preserved in an impregnable tomb.'(Fumeaux, 164) Impregnability, however, had to be provided in more than one form security for the corpse, and security for their possessions food, clothing, tools, furniture, jewelry, slaves and even sculptures, awaiting a second existence at the resurrection.The Egyptians saved their whole life for the materials they believed that they would need to have in the afterlife.Every possession they had was buried with them in the tomb.Why did they need so many possessions? The Egyptians based their lives on the materials they had not what they did in life.All the materials were confined in a room next to the final resting place of the sarcophagus.The walls throughout the pyramid depicted stories of the spirits crossing to the underworld as well as prayers and directions on how to reach the underworld.

Once a person died, they were taken to special priests to be mummified.The first step for the embalmers was to remove the internal organs that decay rapidly (stomach, liver, lungs, and intestines) from the body.To do this, the embalmer had to make an incision in the left side of the abdomen.The heart was the only organ left in tact in the body.According to belief, the heart was the center of a person's being and intelligence (Encyclopedia Smithsonian, /18/0).The organs were then placed in jars called canopic jars.The brain was then removed by inserting a special hooked instrument in through the nostril and pulling it back out.The body was next covered in natron to help take the moisture out of the skin.Once the body was dried out, the embalmers gently washed the natron from the body.To keep the life-like appearance, the embalmers sometimes filled sunken spaces with linen and added false eyes (Encyclopedia Smithsonian, /18/0).

The priests carefully wrapped each limb of the body, sometimes even wrapping a toe or finger separately before the entire foot or hand.The priests would place "magical" words on some pieces of the linen to protect the body from and type of disaster (Encyclopedia Smithsonian, /18/0).When the priests come to the face, they sometimes would place a mask over the skin before covering so as not to deform the face.The linen was held together with warm resin so that way when the resin dried, it would be very hard to remove the cloth from the body.

The funeral was the final step in the mummification process.The priests would perform the most important part of the funeral ceremony at the entrance of the tomb.The "Opening of the Mouth", as the ceremony was called, consisted of a priest touching parts of the body with a special instrument allowing the body to enjoy the senses that it had in life in the afterworld (Encyclopedia Smithsonian, /18/0).The mummy was then placed in the coffin and left inside the tomb to allow his soul to return to him.

The outer physical body was the basis of the Ancient Egyptian religion.This is demonstrated by the idea of mummification.If the body was not preserved properly the soul is said to be lost.

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Black Holes – Do They Exist?

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Black holes are postulated to be one of the most destructive forces known in the universe, with nothing being able to escape from its gaping maw, not even light.Even, supposedly, all known laws of physics fall apart inside the depths of the black hole.So how does the universe allow these objects to exist? Or rather do they exist or are they just a product of humanity's misunderstanding?

Fundamentally black holes are a product of gravity, the weakest of the four known forces in the universe.It was with Isaac Newton in which the first seeds of knowledge concerning black holes began to grow.With his laws of universal gravitation, Newton proposed that this gravitational force acts on everything, even light.As Novikov (10) says "It is with the understanding of the fact that light is also subject to gravitational force that the early history of black holes began".

The first tentative step into theorising the existence of black holes was taken by the British natural philosopher John Michell in 178.In his explanation to show what very compact stars should look like, Michell tried to combine Newton's law of gravitation with the corpuscular description of light.Michell came up with the notion of 'escape velocity', which explains the velocity with which a particle needs to escape a body's gravity.Anything under the escape velocity will, by the force of gravity, be pulled back down.Developing this idea further Michell came up with the theory of a critical circumference, for which the speed of the light is its escape velocity for this body's mass.Any thing under this critical circumference then light would even be pulled back down by gravity's overwhelming force.Michell speculated that there was a number of stars in the universe, which were under the critical circumference, these he called dark stars.These 'dark stars' were the eighteenth century version of black holes.Laplace thirteen years later also predicted these dark stars to exist, but in the third edition of his famous work 'Le System du Monde' there was no mention of these dark stars at all.

It was in the following two centuries that amazing discoveries in science were forged, which were to help predict the existence of black holes.James Clark Maxwell's (1865) electromagnetic theory united electricity and magnetism, which at the end of the nineteenth century were two of the known three forces in the universe, the other being gravity.Maxwell came up with four equations, which are known as the theory of the electromagnetic field, and it was with this that the first visible cracks in the Newtonian view of the universe began to show.

The second crack appeared when Albert Michelson began timing the propagation of light.In the Newtonian view of the universe space and time are absolute and the speed of light is relative.Using what is now called the 'Michelson inferometer', a highly accurate experimental technique, Michelson found that there was no variation in the speed of light.It was the same in all directions irrespective of motion.

It was with the advent of one physicist, Albert Einstein, which changed the fundamental nature of astrophysics. It was while working on the problem of trying to fit Maxwell's electromagnetic laws with the Newtonian view of the universe, that Einstein in a flash of inspiration turned the known laws of physics upon its head. In one swift stroke Einstein rejected Newton's view of absolute space and time, demanding that space and time are relative.With this he devised two new fundamental principles.

The Principle of the absoluteness of the speed of light-Whatever might be their nature, space and time must be so constituted as to make the speed of light absolutely the same in all directions, and absolutely independent of the motion of the person who measures it.

The principle of Relativity- Whatever might be their nature, the laws of physics must treat all states of motion as relative.

These two principles started Einstein on his quest to properly explain the phenomena of the universe, which would inevitably lead to a renewed enquiry into the existence of black holes.

Einstein's first principles led him onto some amazing discoveries mass could be converted into energy (the famous E=MC) and the principle that nothing could go faster than light. With this first set of relativity theory, named special relativity, Einstein turned to the problem of fitting gravity into this relativistic framework.

It wasn't Einstein, though, that first unified space and time.Minkowski (108), who built on Einstein's work, discovered that the universe is made up of a four-dimensional 'spacetime' fabric that is absolute and not relative, and exists independently in all reference frames.But following this discovery, which Einstein first rejected, Einstein began to develop his theory of gravity.The conclusions, which he came up with, were devastating for the Newtonian view of gravity.He proposed that space and time are warped, which made him realise that what was previously thought of as tidal gravity, was actually the manifestation of spacetime curvature (or warpage).

In 115 published his results into marrying his relativistic laws with gravity, which he called General Relativity, and with this the renewed interest into the dark stars of Michell and Laplace began.

Karl Schwarzschild first took the tentative first step into black holes, after the publication of the general relativity theory.From Einstein's field equation he calculated the spacetime curvature outside any non-spinning spherical star, which led to the formation of Schwarzschild geometry, which was to expand knowledge of gravity and the universe enormously.The Schwarzschild equations found that if a mass is compressed into a sufficiently small radius space-time becomes so severely distorted that even light cant escape from the force of gravity.This is the same critical circumference that Michell found more than a century earlier.The theory says that a star two or three times the mass of the sun light will not to be escape the pull of gravity. The theory also states that once these stars run out of energy, they begin to collapse inward with such tremendous force that even the powerful internuclear forces within the atoms of the star arent sufficient to prevent it from continuing to fall in on itself until the entire mass of the star is concentrated at a point called a singularity.It is within this singularity that matter is infinitely compressed into a region of infinite density, gravity is infinite and spacetime has become infinitely curved.

The formation of a black hole begins when a star begins to contract, concentrating itself into an ever-smaller region of space.As this contraction continues the effects of gravity becomes more and more pronounced, and soon light cannot even escape the pull of gravity itself.This happens when the star reaches the Schwarzschild radius, because the escape velocity has exceeded the speed of light, which we know is absolute, and nothing can go faster than the speed of light.Nothing now can escape the clutches of the black hole.

The outer edge of the hole is called event horizon because all events beyond this region are unknown, beyond this lays the photon sphere, in which the gravitational pull of the black hole isn't strong enough to pull light into the event horizon, yet strong enough to prevent it from leaving.

We now have showed that black holes exist in theory but the question is have they been found in actual reality. The search for black holes began as soon as the concept began to take a foothold in physics.The problem was how does one look for an object that is hidden from us? It was the Russian physicist Zel'Dovich who first proposed a method for finding the existence of a black hole in the universe.He suggested that one would have to look for a star whose light spectrum, viewed through a spectrograph, shifted from red to blue to red to blue (which indicates the Doppler shift).This is a sign that the star has a companion, and thus is in a binary system.Measurement of the lights spectra infers the speed of the star around its companion, and from that velocity you can infer the mass of its companion.If the companion is massive and no light can be detected from it then it could be a black hole.This method was mulled over a few years until a new method for the search was proposed, which like the other method required the black hole to be in a binary system.A black hole with another star beside it should be drawing matter in to itself from the star.The matter then would be spinning round the black hole like water down a plughole and as the stellar matter gets closer to the event horizon it would accelerate at ever-increasing rates.The matter would then heat up and begin to emit photons of electromagnetic radiation, and when these stellar gases are close to extinction they release x-rays of intense energy.It is these x-rays that physicists are looking for, if there part of a binary system.It is now that part of Zel'Dovich method comes into play.As was described the mass of the companion to the star is inferred from the velocity of the star. With this in mind it can be deduced whether or not the companion to the star is a black hole or not.

One candidate for this search was Cygnus X-1, which is nearly 14 million kilometres from the earth.What was found was a binary made of an optically bright and X-ray dark star with its companion being optically dark and X-ray bright.The mass of the black hole is bigger than three solar masses, and is most likely closer to sixteen solar masses.And it appears to be the brightest x-ray source in the universe.This seemed to fill all of the criteria for the companion to be a black hole, and is thus assumed to be the first black hole found in the universe.

So can we conclude now that we have successfully proved the actual existence? Well if one were to put a percentage to the surety of their existence, it would have to be that astrophysicists are at least 5% sure that Cygnus X-1 is a black hole.There is no clear signal that announces that Cygnus X-1 is a black hole, unlike other objects like neutron stars that have clear signal telling us what they are. There is hope though in this research in finding a black hole signature, which is to be found in gravitational radiation.Hopefully soon there will be gravitational wave detectors that will be able to map the locations of black holes.But black holes have inevitably been accepted as real in the minds of most physicists, and it will only be a matter of time till a firm piece of evidence to show that black holes do exist.

Please note that this sample paper on Black Holes – Do They Exist? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Black Holes – Do They Exist?, we are here to assist you.Your research papers on Black Holes – Do They Exist? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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