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Ancient Egyptian Mummification
Mummification is the method of embalming a dead body.The Ancient Egyptians started this practice about 600 B.C.The process of becoming a mummy was very expensive. Normally only Pharaohs, members of nobility, and officials laid to rest in the tombs of Egypt.One might ask, "Why become a mummy?" The Egyptian religious beliefs were founded on the fact that of the outer physical self is most important.
Survival after death depended upon the preservation of the body. At the day of resurrection, the Ka or soul would re-enter the dead body.In order for soul to return, the body had to be intact. Without the physical body, the soul could not find peace or rest.This alludes to the idea that the physical body the most important part of death. This belief influences the architectural design of the tomb, where the corpse was ultimately sealed (Silverman 14, 17).It followed logically, that 'once the corpse was embalmed or mummified, it must be preserved in an impregnable tomb.'(Fumeaux, 164) Impregnability, however, had to be provided in more than one form security for the corpse, and security for their possessions food, clothing, tools, furniture, jewelry, slaves and even sculptures, awaiting a second existence at the resurrection.The Egyptians saved their whole life for the materials they believed that they would need to have in the afterlife.Every possession they had was buried with them in the tomb.Why did they need so many possessions? The Egyptians based their lives on the materials they had not what they did in life.All the materials were confined in a room next to the final resting place of the sarcophagus.The walls throughout the pyramid depicted stories of the spirits crossing to the underworld as well as prayers and directions on how to reach the underworld.
Once a person died, they were taken to special priests to be mummified.The first step for the embalmers was to remove the internal organs that decay rapidly (stomach, liver, lungs, and intestines) from the body.To do this, the embalmer had to make an incision in the left side of the abdomen.The heart was the only organ left in tact in the body.According to belief, the heart was the center of a person's being and intelligence (Encyclopedia Smithsonian, /18/0).The organs were then placed in jars called canopic jars.The brain was then removed by inserting a special hooked instrument in through the nostril and pulling it back out.The body was next covered in natron to help take the moisture out of the skin.Once the body was dried out, the embalmers gently washed the natron from the body.To keep the life-like appearance, the embalmers sometimes filled sunken spaces with linen and added false eyes (Encyclopedia Smithsonian, /18/0).
The priests carefully wrapped each limb of the body, sometimes even wrapping a toe or finger separately before the entire foot or hand.The priests would place "magical" words on some pieces of the linen to protect the body from and type of disaster (Encyclopedia Smithsonian, /18/0).When the priests come to the face, they sometimes would place a mask over the skin before covering so as not to deform the face.The linen was held together with warm resin so that way when the resin dried, it would be very hard to remove the cloth from the body.
The funeral was the final step in the mummification process.The priests would perform the most important part of the funeral ceremony at the entrance of the tomb.The "Opening of the Mouth", as the ceremony was called, consisted of a priest touching parts of the body with a special instrument allowing the body to enjoy the senses that it had in life in the afterworld (Encyclopedia Smithsonian, /18/0).The mummy was then placed in the coffin and left inside the tomb to allow his soul to return to him.
The outer physical body was the basis of the Ancient Egyptian religion.This is demonstrated by the idea of mummification.If the body was not preserved properly the soul is said to be lost.
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