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One day, A. T. Dowd was hunting a grizzly bear when he came upon a gigantic tree. Being a lumberjack, he forgot about the bear and went to tell his friends. Since all told tall tales, they did not believe him. Therefore, he tricked them into helping him bring back a gigantic grizzly bear that he had "shot". The grizzly bear was actually a sequoia tree of what is now Sequoia National park. If it were not for John Muir's discovery of the Giant Forest in 1875, lumberjacks would have cut down the brittle trees for fences, stakes, shingles, or pencils.But the lumberjacks had already done damage. Besides cutting down and wasting resources, on half of each tree could be used, they also stripped a tree of its bark and sent the bark to New York. This left the tree to die slowly without its bark to protect it. Finally, in 180, Sequoia became a national park. A week later Grant Grove was added to the property. Grant Grove was eventually turned into its own park named Kings Canyon in 140. Thus, Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks were established.
The trees have an astonishing history. The Big Trees and their sister species the coastal Redwood Sequoia have existed since the ice age. The frigid climate of the age spread these enormous trees all across North America. Now the largest chunk of these is on National property and exists only in the higher elevations of the mountains. The highest natural elevation is 8,760 ft. while the lowest is ,70 ft. The general elevation ranges from 4,650- 6,650 ft. It thrives in a humid climate with dry summers. The coastal redwood is one of the tallest in the world but the giant sequoia is the largest in volume. Although these long livers seem useless, they are needed by many animals. Over 0 species of birds, 151 species of insects and 7 arachnids use the trees at some point in their life cycle. The rattlesnake, endangered bighorn sheep, deer, bear, and many species of squirrels and rodents also inhabit the giant forest.
There are 75 current groves, averaging from hundreds to six trees per grove. Sequoias are a conifer type with an average height of 50-75 ft. Immune to average controlled burnings and insects except in its first to years of growth, this tree also has a low palatability, fed on only by deer. Even so these deer only browse and eat only off 4 to 5 year old trees. Its palatability may relate to its nutritional value of 4,78 calories per gram of dry seed and 4,80 calories per gram of dry outer cone. The bark can be up to ft thick, black, but regenerating after a fire. The Sequoia is most vulnerable in its stems and roots. But in its bark on scorched sections, fungi can grow and sicken the tree. Acidic mists, paved roads, and buildings can also stunt or poison the sequoias roots. Seeds exist in a cone shape of to in. The leaves are awl-shaped and not the traditional needle shape. Seeds look much like oatmeal or soap flakes. Unlike traditional conifers, the cones remain green on the tree and may take up to 0 years to ripen.
Because of the sequoias' long ripening process, Rangers set off controlled burnings to reduce undergrowth and allow new trees to grow. Heat also causes the cones to open up spreading the seeds earlier. The seeds are ready long before 0 years but the green cone does not disperse them. Conditions are very important; even though the sequoia's bark is immune to fire, it is still vulnerable to scorching and fungi growth. A perfect day is 5 degrees Fahrenheit with 0% humidity. No wind can be blowing. Wind feeds fire and can easily make a controlled burning into an uncontrolled wildfire.A fire is prescribed about every 5 to 10 years. After a burn is prescribed, Rangers are ready for the first available date. The seeds are winged and disperse in the general variety of ways. In cones, of course, or carried by the wind, animals or water. Sequoias are monecious and cone buds form in late summer. By autumn of that same year, the sapling is about 4 inches tall with six branches. Sequoias can also reproduce by vegetative methods, but are more successful when the donor is a younger tree. Each cone has an average of 0 seeds. One tree may be expected to have approximately 11,000 cones at one given time. Seeds travel at the most 600ft from its parent. A mature parent tree disperses 00,000 to 400,00 seeds per year.
The Giant Forest may seem boring but it is one of the most popular parts of the park. At least 4% of the 0 largest sequoias exist in the Giant forest and Grant Grove alone. The forest has many trees with names. Washington, Sentinel, Boole, President, Lincoln, The Cleveland Trees, House and Senate Groups, there is even one named Chief Sequoyah. The famous Grizzly Giant from above is actually in Yosemite. Also dotted about the parks, are landmarks formed ny sequoia trees. Hale D. Tharp was the first white settler in the forest. His cabin is a hollowed out sequoia tree, fixed with a door, window, stone fireplace, and furniture. In the forest, Room Tree is a burned out log that can hold 5 people. Auto log is a fallen tree that cars can drive over. In 17, a tree fell over the road. So, the rangers cut a tunnel in the tree. Tunnel log was a lot easier to cut through then to try to move.
The General Sherman is the largest tree in the world, based on volume. It was named in 1875 after a Civil War veteran. Its immense volume is 5, 508 cubic ft. This is equal to a lumberjacks' measure of 60,000 board ft. It is 70 ft tall and weighs approx. ,800 tons. The bark is ft thick. It is 10.6 ft in circumference at the base. The trunk's diameter is 6.5 ft at the base, 17.5 ft at 60ft above the base, and 14ft at 180 ft. The largest branches diameter is 6.8 ft. this branch itself is taller than any tree west of the Mississippi river. The trunk itself ascends 10 ft before it even touches the first branch. The crown spread is 106.5 ft. These measurements are based on a 188 measurement. The General Sherman produces 40 cubic ft of wood a year. Today the tree is probably about 0% bigger. It is ,00-,700 years old. The important tree in kings Canyon is the General Grant. It is the second largest tree and is consider the Nation's Christmas tree.
Sequoia National Park is the nation's second national park. These green giants have lived longer than anyone alive and will go on living many centuries after we are gone. If these trees could talk, they would have an amazing history. Unless these trees are preserved, they will be destroyed as we develop into the future. The uniqueness of this fragile beast will hopefully be alive for many future generations to enjoy.
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