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Introduction
The purpose of this research exercise is to investigate the level of stress amongst IT professionals and to determine if there is a correlation between the level of stress and gender of the participants.RHI Consulting in an article in the Wall Street & Technology Journal argued that rising workloads associated with organisation transformation exercises have increased the level of work related stress on the IT profession (RHI Consulting, 000). Longnecker et al argues that pressures to perform tasks more efficiently, faster and cheaper has contributed to the rise in stress among IT professionals (Longnecker et al, ). He also argues that the effect of long-term stress on the individual can vary from illness to negative effects on the energy level, attitude and, loyalty and commitment to the organisation (Longnecker et al, ). Vowler agrees and suggests that nearly 7% of surveyed IT managers indicate that their health has been affected by pressures on the job and that (Vowler,001).This is important as the rapid change the level of stress in the work pace and to therefore improve the health and productivity of their teams?
This report focuses on the survey of the IT staff within a large multinational organisation in the island of Barbados. The staff was randomly selected to complete a survey instrument. The information was collected and analysed by using SPSS. The finding so that survey is discussed in the latter part of this document
Theory
There have been volumes of work published on the topic of stress and the effects of stress on health and safety in the work place.There have been three popular models used in the definition of stress ' European agency for safety and Health at work'. Firstly the engineering approach which treats stress and an independent variable to quote " An aversive or noxious characteristic of the work environment". The Second approach outlines stress as a physiological effect and treats stress and a dependent variable. The final approach seeks to define stress in the ' dynamic interaction between the person and their work environment' (The psychological approach) (Cox, 1).The first two approaches have been widely criticised as ignoring the interaction between the person and the environments in which they work and live (Cox, 1) and also as being dated and based on simple stimulus response association. The psychological approach has gained in popularity and has spawned two distinct variants the Interactional and Transactional models ' European agency for safety and Health at work'. Of the Interactional models there are two that are worth noting, the Person-Environment Fit theory and the Job Demands/Decision Latitude theory.(Cox ,1). The transactional model has also gained in prominence and to quote Cox Transactional models "treat the stress state as the internal representation of particular and problematic transactions between individuals and their environment" (Cos,1).The studies which I have reviewed so far all focus on the Transactional model of stress and the relation ship between the work environment and the level of stress in the organisation.Cox's definition of work related stress reads like this ' The experience of stress through work is therefore associated with exposure to particular conditions of work, both physical and psychosocial and workers realisation that hey are hiving difficulty in coping with important aspects of their work situation.The effects of work related stress can manifest themselves as either a health problem or a organisational problem such as high absentee rates, reduced productivity or quality of work and general apathy to work (' European agency for safety and Health at work').
Hypothesis
The theory reviewed imply that stress is a by product of the interaction f the individual and the environment. The current environment for the IT professional is one of downsizing coupled with the pressure to improve performance while being cost effective.
Sampling
The population on which this study will be preformed are the members of the Information Systems department of a large multinational organisation in Barbados. The department is comprised of professionals performing various IT roles. The majority of the personnel have either associate or first degrees in computer science or a related discipline and there are a few persons who hold masters degrees. The scope of the work stretches from technical jobs such as network engineers to specialist who maintains the major applications used by the organisation. The total number of persons within the targeted population is 40. This is made up of 15 Females and 5 Males. Therefore the sampling frame was defined to be the enumeration of the persons employed in the IT division of the organisation being studied during the period 1st 1st of August 00. The Pilot sample was chosen from this population by stratified sampling, "a sample obtained by the process of dividing a population into categories representing distinctive characteristics and then selecting a random sample from each category " http//www.webref.org/anthropology/s/stratified_sample.htm .The stratification category used for the purpose of this research was gender. The names where split by gender and entered in to two spreadsheets. The table below shows the sample size for each strata
Sampling CategoryNumber in Population
Male5
Female15
Total Population40
The names where then sorted and numbered in ascending order. The Excel random number generator was then applied to each sheet to extract the persons required for the sample. In some cases persons were unavailable due to vacation or sickness the generator was then applied to choose an alternative.
Piloting
To pilot the instrument three persons were chosen at random from the IT community but from outside of the sample group previously chosen.
References
Cox, Tom (1) 'Stress Research and Stress Management Putting Theory to work'; HSE Contract Research Report n0 61/1 Centre for Organizational Health and Development, Department of Psychology; University of Nottingham NG7 RD
Kaluzniacky, Eugene (1) "Work Stress Among Information Systems Professional in Manitoba' Business Computing University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
Longenecker, Clnton O, Schaffer, Connie J, Scazzero, Jospeh A (1) 'Causes and Consequences of Stress in the IT Profession' Information Systems Management 16() p71
Dash, Julekha (000) 'Workload, Stress Rise for IT Firms respond ' Computerworld 4(5) p47
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (000) 'Research on Work Related Stress' ISBN -88-55-7
Ghauri Pervez, Grohnaug, Kjell (00) 'Research Methods In Business Studies A Practical Guide ed' Prentice Hall
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