Thursday, November 28, 2019

Greek Mythology in "Death in Venice"

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Death, in Death in Venice, could only happen in the classical world embedded in the decaying city of Venice.Thomas Mann made a specific choice of location for his story to come to life.The city of Venice embraces the rebirth of a history; the classical world of Greece, its philosophers, the art and architecture, its culture, and its myths.Mann compiles a thread of the classical world throughout his novella to present the claim that beauty alone gives people a visible reminder of ultimate reality.Mann's allegation therefore is that this experience of art over morality separates the wise from the merely sensual.


Death in Venice is a story of a middle-aged man named Aschenbach who is the epitome of self discipline, and believes the most genuine art of the world is only created against the will of passion.Mann was also influenced greatly by a philosopher Freidrich Nietzsche, who believed that only in the balance between passions and the conscious can art take place.Nietzsche describes two separate forces, Apollonian and Dionysian.Aschenbach's character is marked by an Apollonian personality, from the god Apollo who was the god of light and form, that which shapes drives and instincts into clarity and order.Aschenbach encounters an impulse to travel, and ends up in Venice, where at the hotel he stays at sees a fourteen year old Polish boy named Tadzio, who is entirely beautiful.While repressing a Dionysian (from god Dionysus) association of dissolution and pure artistic obsession, Aschenbach succumbs to Tadzio's beauty and compulsively watches and follows the boy and his family around Venice.Despite the city being infected by the deadly disease Cholera, he stays because he is blinded by his impure fixation to the boy, which ultimately leads to his death.


The setting of the book takes place in the city of Venice, which Mann chose this particular location for many reasons.Quite unusually, it was built and has been maintained by sheer will over the forces of nature however it is slowly decaying and sinking into the Mediterranean Sea, which will ultimately be the case for Aschenbach as well.It was the birthplace of the Renaissance of Classical Greek culture; rich with art, architecture, and myths of the Hellenistic Age.Finally Mann chose the city, because no other city was going to make the novella work they way it did, not even Rome which is not "like the portrait of a primitive world of islands, morasses and silt-laden rivers." (Mann )


The city allows for the argument Mann present's his readers with.The novella revolves around the idea much like Plato's that there is a conflict between the conscious will and uncontrolled passions."True wisdom is obtained through the knowledge of the Ideas and not through the imperfect reflections of the Ideas that the senses perceive." (Perry 6) Ideas, refers to the thoughts about whatever is being viewed, in this story Tadzio's beauty.Mann combines the mythological and psychological worlds that Venice embodies to prove the point.Because of this, Aschenbach has many encounters with characters that bear likenesses to an array of Greek mythical characters.


Mann quickly introduces his mythical theme in the book on the second page in the first chapter, where Aschenbach's eyes catch "the Hall of Last Rites… with its Byzantine-style architecture, and selected religious phrases concerning the life beyond, such as 'You are entering the dwelling place of God'." The description of this burial place sets an ominous tone right away for a book entitled, Death in Venice.


The first character resembling a mythical Greek character is the gondolier who Aschenbach meets while placing his luggage and trust into; as he wishes to be taken to the Lido which was the area with many hotels.The gondola itself is like a coffin, Aschenbach himself notices as he sits down into the boat, "And have you observed that the seat in such a boat, that armchair painted black like a coffin and upholstered in a dull black, is the softest, most luxurious and enervating seat in the world?" This observation is the opposite of expected, instead of being apprehensive about the eminent ride, he is extremely self-assured.The journey closely resembles that of the journey to the underworld, yet Aschenbach falls into an easy minded daydream on his "good ride" to the underworld, as the mythical Charon the skeletal boatman of the river Styx takes him into Venice.Classical heroes such as Theseus and Hercules also made a similar journey into the underworld; however these heroes' crossings were distinguished as testimonies of their perseverance over evil.In contrast to the heroes' trips to the underworld Aschenbach's trip was rather a "free ride" being "lulled by the tepid breathe of the scirocco." (Mann 16) This will become a poor foundation on a blueprint making him develop further surrenders to his senses as Plato described as mentioned before.


In chapter three Aschenbach comes upon Tadzio while sitting on the beach, he sees him as "perfectly beautiful… recalling Greek statues of the noblest period, and, along with its extremely pure perfection of form." He likens him to the Greek god Eros, which most people know as Cupid, who is the god of love and sexual desire."According to Plato, Eros is the striving of mankind to the pure, the good, and the beautiful." (Encyclopedia Mythica) Again repressing his true feelings Aschenbach dispassionately admires the boy's beauty from a purely intellectual perspective, not knowing he has been struck by one of Eros's arrows of love and desire.His relief of the observations made were not completely based upon the basic senses, came when he saw the boy up close in the elevator."Lacking the glow of health, strangely brittle and transparent, like those of some anemic people." (Mann 7) Seeing the boy's mortal qualities Aschenbach "avoided accounting himself for the feeling of satisfaction or consolation which accompanied," his thoughts of the boy's subsequent health.(Mann 8)


In chapter four, Aschenbach is again watching and admiring Tadzio, his every movement on the beach.He is struck by a vision of Socrates instructing Phaedrus about desire and virtue.Plato said, "For beauty, dear Phaedrus, beauty alone, is charming and visible at the same time; remember this it is the only form of intellectuality which we perceive with, and can tolerate with, our senses… Thus beauty is the path taken by the man of feeling to attain the intellectualonly the path, only a means." (Mann 7) This quote from Plato is a justification made by Aschenbach that his admiration of beauty is not merely sensual, rather just the path taken to attain the intellectual.Socrates takes advantage of his naive student, and a naive Aschenbach takes advantage of Socrates' reasoning.


Later in the chapter as Aschenbach watches Tadzio play with a ball along the sea, he sees within the boy "Hyacinth who was fated to die because two gods loved him." (Mann 40) Although the two gods that loved the Spartan boy were Apollo and Zephyr, it seems once again that there is a suppression of truth.Zephyr is actually a disguised Dionysus since the two gods fought over the boy, and the real battle is the two gods Apollo and Dionysus fighting within Aschenbach.As he watched the boy in the fading light on the shore, he thought to himself, "He was more beautiful than words can say, and Aschenbach felt painfully, as he had often done, that words are able to praise physical beauty but not to reproduce it." (Mann 4) Quietly admitting to his self that as a writer he could not comprehend the boy's beauty in words and his true sense of magnificence rests at the level of perception alone.


In the same scene the boy directs a smile to Aschenbach and within the boy's frailness; Aschenbach alludes to "Narcissus bending over his reflection in the water," as he sees himself within the boy.(Mann 4) The mythical tale of Narcissus is that Echo falls in love with Narcissus, and so distraught over this rejection that Echo withdrew into a lonely spot and faded until all that was left was a plaintive whisper.Aschenbach throws himself onto a bench, and whispers the "standard formula for longing… 'I love you!'." (Mann 4) Now more desperate than ever, death looms over Aschenbach.


Chapter five introduces the disease Cholera, and how the locals are hiding it from the public.In a mythological reference, India is said to be the birthplace of the cult of Dionysus, as well as the origin of the disease Cholera.At night Aschenbach has a dream which seems to comprise a primitive ritual to worship a god, and he realizes that it symbolizes him self.No longer admiring the boy who resembled a statue anymore, he is now ultimately worshipping a god, completing his change from Apollonian to Dionysian.


The end of the book has Aschenbach sickly wandering around lost in the "labyrinth" of the city.In an attempt to quench his thirst because of the fever he is experiencing, he eats some overripe strawberries, where he soon sinks on the steps of a well."For Socrates, true education meant the shaping of character according to values discovered through the active and critical use of reason." (Perry 61) Here the narrator brings about a long passage of Socrates lecturing Phaedrus.Socrates posses the question that Aschenbach has repressed so long, "Or do you believe instead that this is the path of dangerous charm, truly a path of error and sin, which necessarily leads one astray?" (Mann 5) He continues about how even the most knowledgable men can be lead astray, and into the abyss.That even noble man can commit "horrifying crimes of the passions." (Mann 60) He states that it should be forbidden to use art to educate the people, because it corrupts morality, just as it has in Aschenbach.Both knowledge and beauty lead to the abyss, claims Socrates.


Mann, as a write was an artist with a pen and paper, and was in danger of the art's sensual side.However he does also suggest that there can be a balance, and that there has to be one in order to avoid the abyss.The end of the book takes on a mocking tone towards Aschenbach by the narrator, which is the separation from the myth of the great writer and the perseverance of the same person to realize where he went astray.


In the final passages Mann shows the split of personalities, between Apollonian and Dionysian once again.He uses Tadzio and Jaschu to compare the two as they wrestle each other, which ends with Jaschu holding Tadzio's head in the sand too long so that Tadzio could only slowly raise himself and had to sit there for several minutes.When he finally gets to his feet, Tadzio walks into the sea onto the sandbar where it is quiet and peaceful.One last time he is being watched by his lover, each slow step, every small detail, and the last look are all accounted for.Tadzio asks the last silent question, not heard even from the words in the book, "Will you (Aschenbach) take the last step into the Abyss?" And Hermes the messenger boy brings news of the great Gustav von Aschenbach's trip to the underworld.


Perry, Marvin. Western Civilization A Brief History, fourth edition. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 001. Volume I.


Mann, Thomas. Death in Venice. Ed. Stanley Appelbaum. New York Dover Publications, Inc, 15.


Encyclopedia Mythica Mythology, Folklore, and Legends.Copyright 15-00 M.F. Lindemans.http//www.pantheon.org/mythica.htmlPlease note that this sample paper on Greek Mythology in "Death in Venice" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Greek Mythology in "Death in Venice", we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on Greek Mythology in "Death in Venice" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Analysis of "A Road Not Taken"

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The Road Not Taken"


I chose to do a poetry explication on Robert Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken".I enjoyed this poem and have read many poems written by him.First, I just want to give a little background information on him.Robert Frost was one of the most inspiring and loved poets of the twentieth century.His work is concentrated on the New England Landscape.Most of the poems written by Frost have involved fear, tragedies, and life itself.Frosts poems have a great deal of symbolism involved, "The careful local observations and homely details of his poems often have symbolic, and even metaphysical, significance" (Robert Frost).In this poem he goes into the theme of life itself, the continuous journey, and the difficult decisions that have to be made along the way.This poem also is about choice. Choosing the path that is right for the person that will be traveling it.It could be the one less traveled or the more frequently traveled.It's up to the traveler to make that decision.


In this poem, Frost believes that the road we choose will make us who we are.In line one of the poem, Frost introduces the metaphor that is sustained throughout the poem, the diverging roads.In line two "And sorry I could not travel both…" (117,L) conveys that it is always difficult to make a decision because it is impossible not to wonder where each road will lead.It also shows limitation, he must choose just one.He may regret the choice he makes, he knows that in a lifetime, it is impossible to travel down every path there is.In line three he says "…and long I stood" (117, L), this shows that clearly he was in deep thought as to which road to take and where it might take him.It seems that the traveler was possibly weighing the pros and cons of each road.He is in search for a reason to choose one over another but he is finding that very difficult.In line four he is attempting to make a decision, "And looked down one as far as I could" (117, L4).I think the traveler is trying to find some hints as to which road will take him to where he wants to go.He knows that whatever road he chooses will lead to the unknown.He seems to be a little uncomfortable with the issue of the unknown. In lines four and five the paths go further than the traveler's vision, everything past that point is unknown.In lines six through eight the traveler chooses a road, the "one less traveled by".By the traveler choosing the road less traveled describes his personality.It shows that he is independent and doesn't necessarily follow others.A person who is a follower would take the road that was traveled a lot because it would be more secure to the traveler, but a leader is always up for something different and new.He is showing that he is courageous.In line six of the poem the traveler mentions that one road was better because it hadn't been traveled on lately.In line ten of the poem the speaker says that the paths "Had worn them really about the same," (117, L10).Frost seems to contradict himself here and makes it a little confusing.In line twelve of the poem Frost says "In leaves no step had trodden black" (117, L1).In this line the leaves have fallen but no one has been there since, because there are no footprints or rustled leaves. It is possible that others have been to the same part in the road and chose not to take that road, because it didn't look traveled. In line fifteen the speaker says "I doubted if I should ever come back," (117, L15).This means that he doesn't know where this road will lead him and is unsure of the choices he will have to make.In line seventeen of the poem the speaker says "Somewhere ages and ages hence "( 117, L17), I think here he regrets that he can not go back and take the other road he passed up.I think that he is still very happy with the road he picked, but there is always that curiosity factor that comes into play.There will always be that want to go back.Would he be a different person if he took the more traveled road? Would he be just like everyone else? This again is what is unknown.This poem is about making a decision that changes the direction of life.It is unknown what each road contains, but it is a choice that must be made by the traveler.


The main theme of this poem is one of making the right decision for the person confronted with a choice.It may not always be the right decision, but a choice must be made.The language of this poem is understandable and to the point.With poems that "beat around the bush" and are wordy, I tend to find myself lost.Also, a poem that is aureate tends to do the same.This may be one of the things that drew me to this poem, its use of simple, understandable language.The tone of the poem up until line thirteen was one of confusion of what road to take, the one more traveled or less traveled.After line thirteen the tone shifts to one of certainly of the road he chose.The poems tone change at line thirteen shifts to one of excitement, the punctuation shown makes that evident. Maybe because he is sure he chose the right one, or he is excited about the future that is ahead of him.In line sixteen of the poem, is the start of the second sentence of the entire poem.Here enjambment is evident.The poem is in iambic pentameter.The rhythm is the same throughout.The first, third, and fourth lines in every stanza have end rhyme, the second and fifth do not.The images used throughout the poem were easy to visualize.As the poem proceeded I could visualize what he was saying.I could also visualize the traveler confronted with the choice of what road to choose.Some of the visual images that were helpful were "Because it was grassy and wanted wear" (117, L8), "…long I stood"(l ), and "In leaves no step had trodden black"(117, L1). By understanding, studying, and visualizing the poem I was able to appreciate it more.



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Friday, November 22, 2019

Why is the development of writing the single most important product of this period?

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Writing is one of the most important skills in almost of all countries. Since to write something is too natural for us, we do not think the usability; but for the ancient people, writing is not a basic skill. It is just for some educated people. This report shows the development of writing and why it is the most important product of early society.


Before the discovery of writing, there are a few ways to pass on the knowledge to the next generation, paintings or oral presentations. Paintings could include much information but not exact information, so it easily caused some misunderstanding. Oral presentation could have more particular information, however, the information could be added or modified by the teller. The information would be far and far different from original one if it had been passed for many people, so to convey same information to many people was very hard work for that people. This situation is also important for us, because to know the ancient knowledge that did not have writing system will become difficult work.


The first form of writing was invented in Sumerian culture. A series of simplified picture signs called pictographs constructed several sentences. Pictographs represented the objects and related ideas. These signs were chiseled on soft clay tablets and then baked hard. The system is called cuneiform. The investigation increased their economy and culture including education. The baked tablets allowed recording the information without much misunderstanding for a long time. In addition, the tablets were easy to carry, so the information was quickly conveyed.


At first, writing affected their economy. It means that they can trade many things with much information about it, for example, the price, term to make it, for what, who made, and etc. They could also know its data of the past years that helps their negotiations


and thinking. In this way, the writing system increased their economic power.


Secondly, writing had developed educational system. It can also be said recent society. At first, the people who entered a school have learned how to write and read, and then they would learn mathematics, literature, science, social studies, and others. Of course, the skills also help to study art and music. People can get the knowledge of the past age, and add their own feature, then send the knowledge to the next generation. All of these subjects are stand on the writing system.


Third is that writing helps to construct highly organized society. Writing made easy to communicate the person who stay far. Before the development of writing, the only way to communicate other people was to talk directly. Writing provided the way to communicate long distance, so it makes the peoplefs information spread widely. For the ruler or the government, this was very important factor to govern the society. The common knowledge had built the common environment, and it would be a form of rule or law in that society.


Finally, religion was improved by the development of the writing system. The first form of religion was telling the history and the story by some special people, called shaman or priests. Drawing also supports the establishment of their religion, but there was much limitation to tell about the religion. The teller might change the story, even though they did not have the will to change it. Ten tellers could make ten different stories that had been one original story. For the listener, this situation might cause some confusion, because the tellers could make contradiction in same religion, however, writing showed one solution.Writing is easier to make exact copy than telling the story, so less contradiction would occur. This was very important factor to spread the religion widely.


Writing is base of all products and writing is producer of all products, it can be said the development of writing must be the single most important product of ancient society. If we do not have the system of writing, we do not have any textbooks. In addition, I would not able to produce this report!


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Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Comparing Edgar Degas work with Henry Toulouse-Lautrec's

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Going to Norton Simon Museum for the firs time was a wonderful experience for me. I was so amazed by collection that this museum owns, so many great artworks. For this assignment I've decided to pick a painting of my favorite artist Edgar Degas and compare is to another very interesting painter Henry Toulouse-Lautrec.



First painting that I will going to analyze in next couple of paragraphs was painting done by Edgar Degas. The title of this masterpiece is "Dancers in the Wings and it was done in 1880. Degas used a different variety of media, however to create this piece he had used Pastel and tempera on paper. Work was mounted to the paperboard. By using pastels as a medium he was successful in achieving luminous colors and diaphanous textures. By making very fine texture and using brilliant, expressive clear colors he achieved this, sheer transparent look. Degas used fast, noticeable strokes of color in some parts of his painting, contrasted by non-detailed sketches in others. This piece, like many other Degas works which depicted ballerinas, exemplifies method of arranging figures asymmetrically. None of the dancers were neatly positioned in the center of the floor. Rather, they are portrayed in their natural state of being, usually in the progress of moving. In this painting ballerina that stands in the front of us is partially blocking another one in the back, while the one in the front is also half way vertically cut off by the picture frame. Approximate dimensions of this piece is 7 x 1 inches.


Degas was best known as an Impressionist. He initially called himself realists, which pointed to their interest in drawing inspiration from their own environments and experiences.


Within his lifetime, as today, Degas was most celebrated as the painter of one subject the ballet. Degas was not fascinated as were others by the influence of natural light and did most of his work within his studio. Degas observed ballet dancers at work. Specifically, he focused on their gestures and poses as they practiced, waited, primped, and stretched in the rehearsal room.


Second painting I've chosen was done by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and it wears a title "At the Circus Fernando, Rider on a White Horse". This art work was created in 1887, and it was created on a paperboard using pastel and drained oil. His brilliant use of color and somewhat distorted figures fit perfectly with the environs of the circus. In this painting Lautrec added green, lavender, red shadows and highlights of yellow onto horse's white coat, and yellow highlights reflect an unseen spotlight. "The pastel medium contributes to the soft focus and iridescent rendering, and the sweeping diagonals reflect the swift movement of the horse."(Norton Simon Museum) Long mobile diagonal black lines that are mostly created in the background of this piece give a sense of a movement, however look and the body of a horsewoman seem motionless, frozen. Reasonable touches of black color define features on the girl performer and the horse.


Approximate dimensions of this piece are x1 inches.


Henry Tolouse-Lautrec was one of the leading artists in Post Impressionist movement. He believed that form was the most important aspect of a painting and aimed to develop greater pictorial harmony.


Subject matter in this painting was a scene form a Circus. In his circus drawings Lautrec captured movement, sounds and color. In his paintings he focused attention on horseman or horsewoman etc. "Rider on a White Horse" depicts girl performer sitting sidesaddle as the horse gallops around the ring.


There are many reasons why I decided to choose these two paintings in particular. Most of all I like the visual quality on both paintings. Even though these two artworks depicted similar subject, portraying ballet and circus performers, in the same medium, these two artists belonged to different art movements, which had influenced each other. Picking Degas again was easy; not only that he is my favorite artist, but I was for part of ballet world for a long time and I can relate to his ballet collection of paintings. It is astonishing how well he had captured ballerinas in their act.


Museum experience was great, and will look forward to go visit Norton Simon again.


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Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Othello

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Hanoi university of foreign studies


English department


Name Truong Hoai Thu


Class FA10-000


Introduction to English Literature


-----------------------------------------


THEMEWhy is getting ahold of Desdemona's handkerchief so important to Iago? Could he have succeeded in destroying Othello without it? Why or why not?



Answer



One of the key factors constructing the success of the Shakespeare's "Othello" is the appearance of no character but a small object, the Desdemona's handkerchief. Admittedly, the Desdemona's handkerchief plays an indispensable role in the whole Iago's trick. So without it, Iago could never succeed in manipulating and destroying Othello.


Being the symbol of love, the Desdemona's handkerchief is also the cause leading to a tragic end of a love story. It was the first gift that Desdemona received from Othello. She takes a loving care of it and always keeps it about her as a symbol of Othello's love. Also, the handkerchief is very important to Othello. It is known that, the handkerchief was woven by an Egyptian female prophet and given to Othello's mother with a vow that


"……,while she kept it,


'T would make her amiable and subdue my father


Entirely to her love, but if she lost it


Or made a gift of it, my father's eye


Should hold her loathed and his spirits should hunt"


(Act IV, scene iii)


Othello's mother used it to keep his father faithful to her. When she is going to die, she asked Othello to give it to his wife and the handkerchief would help to keep his faithfulness. The wife should keep the handkerchief like her 'precious eye' or she would lose her husband and have to die. It is easy to realize that the handkerchief represents, to Othello, marital fidelity. It suggests a guarantee of virginity as well as fidelity.


Meanwhile, Iago, representing the evil, is cunning, untrustworthy, selfish and plotting.He is an expert judge of people and their characters. He also quickly recognizes the advantage of trust and uses it as a tool to forward his purposes. At first, he exploits Cassio's weakness for drink to disgrace him. Then, he uses Roderigo to do his every 'dirty' works. More terribly, he plans successfully to convince Othello with a 'smooth tongue' that Cassio and Desdemona are having an affair. However, it is tragic that throughout the play, every character considers Iago as an 'honest man'.


"So please your Grace, my ancient;


A man he is of honesty and trust.


To his conveyance I assign my wife,


With what else needful your good grace shall think


To be sent after me."


(Act I, scene iii, lines 84-8)


At attempts to instill jealousy and blind suspicion in the trusting Othello, Iago is successful in making use of the handkerchief as an evidence to persuade Othello about Desdemona's faithlessness. He manipulates the handkerchief since he knows that Othello comes to see it as a symbol of Desdemona herself, her faith and chastity. Thanks to the handkerchief, Iago made Othello have no alternative but to be susceptible to his tricks. Othello is consumed by uncontrollable jealousy and cruelly accuses Desdemona of infidelity. Deaf to Desdemona's pleading and blind to her love for him, Othello stifles her. As it is, the handkerchief is the last but most effective factor in Iago cruel planning that brings him the triumph.


In conclusion, without getting ahold of Desdemona's handkerchief, Iago could never have succeeded in destroying Othello. In other words, the good here would be never defeated by the wrath of evil. Tragically, seeing the handkerchief meanings to Othello, Iago is the one who pushes Othello and everyone else towards their sorrowful end.


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Monday, November 18, 2019

How E-mail Works

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How many here either have a computer at home or use one at work? Okay, now let me ask another question, what does AOL, Microsoft outlook and packets all have in common? Anyone? If you haven't figured it out by now then let me enlighten you, all these things have one common bond, electronic mail, or E-mail for short.It is apparent that E-mail plays a major role in our everyday lives, and to think if you were to ask the normal day-to-day user of E-mail where in fact E-mail came from you would probably get a quick response of, "Bill Gates", which by no means is a bad answer, funny maybe, but incorrect none the less.Now how about asking that same person "how does e-mail work", you might get the following reply, "I type a text message and then click send", again not a bad answer, but there is much more to it then that.So, let me begin today by sharing with you all a brief history of e-mail.


If I were to ask who invented electricity, I'm quite sure the answer would be shouted out fairly quickly.Now what if I were to ask, who invented e-mail, you already know that Bill Gates is incorrect, so could anyone tell me? The father of e-mail is


Excuse me; I'm on call right now "Hello.Hey listen, I'm in the middle of given a speech can this wait? What? So you not only claim that you invented the INTERNET, but you're pretty sure you invented E-mail to? Now that's funny! Okay, I've got to go, bye!"


Sorry for the interruption, it seems as though Al Gore got wind of my speech today and wanted to make sure I gave him a plug as the inventor of e-mail, which with out a doubt is incorrect! Okay, so where was I, oh that's right the father of e-mail is Ray Tomlinson.Back in 171, Ray Tomlinson sent the first e-mail message.Prior to this, you could only send messages to users on a single machine.Tomlinsons breakthrough was the ability to send messages to other machines on the Internet, using the @ sign to designate the receiving machine.The first program that made use of electronic mail was called SNDMSG.Since Mr. Tomlinson's breakthrough in 171, e-mail has been on a one-way climb to the top.Businesses, and especially the military, rely heavily on e-mail to get their work done.It has virtually taken over as the communication method of choice.Heck no one knows how to write a letter anymore and put it in the mailbox, they just sit at a computer, type up a text message and hit send, transforming their thoughts into an electronic message.But how do these messages get from your computer, to someone half way around the world?


Let me explain.The e-mail process is quite simple, it operates like the US Postal Service, except information is sent and received electronically.Each e-mail address represents an electronic address; just as your APO address represents a physical address.When you send an e-mail message, your e-mail client software, Microsoft Outlook for example, breaks the message up into little bits of information called packets, and then routes these packets to a mail server, or an electronic post office for simplicity.Once the packets arrive at the mail server, the server looks at the e-mail address (similar to the address on an envelope), and then forwards each packet individually through the Internet towards its final destination.Along the way each of these packets may encounter a number of different mail servers, but since they contain a specific electronic address, the mail servers will continue to route them until they reach their intended recipient.When all the packets have arrived at the intended addressees mail server, the server will announce, "you've got mail" and the recipients e-mail software will download all the packets and piece them back together, thus revealing the original e-mail that was sent moments ago.All in all the process could take anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes.Now if they could only figure out how to ship our household goods that quickly!


In summary, I have shared with you the brief history of e-mail; I also broke down the process by which e-mail moves from computer to another.As you can see, e-mail plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives.We use it as a tool to accomplish our jobs as well as a convenience to keep in touch with our family and friends.The history of e-mail dates back just a few decades ago, but due to its simplicity, e-mail has grown into one of the most popular forms of communicating around the world.The future of electronic mail is yet to be determined, but I guarantee its usefulness will continue to grow.Who knows, maybe one day we will be able to e-mail your household goods electronically!


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Thursday, November 14, 2019

Negative transfer

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transcendence 101


What can you learn from a chessboard? Is a chessboard better than suicide?


One day every year, I stand on this dark green cliffside and look down into the mouth of the jungle. I drink a bottle of red wine and say the Lords Prayer. My thoughts wander back to Professor Mueller with his big jutting jaw, handsome and intelligent blue eyes. He always dressed the impeccable gentleman and carried a dog whip. But more than the man, I contemplate the ideas that were Transcendence 101.


Most classes Ive taken taught me how to conform, systematize my thoughts, doubt and, above all, survive.


Transcendence 101 taught me how to rebel, free my thoughts and transcend.


Two ideas composed the central curriculum of transcendence 101. The first was that organization is untenable. Control is impossible. For instance, man should not try to control nature but rather should let nature control him. Nature is the stronger party in the relationship between man and nature. Imagine our life with nature as sex. Man plays the womans role and nature plays the mans role.


The idea of giving up control applies to many areas of life. Like a dagger to the heart of naivity, it leaves us jaded but happy. Indeed, although man as a whole has not mastered the idea, he does understand it. For instance, view capitalism. Capitalism is an economic system based on allowing what works to survive and what doesnt to die. In this way, man gives up control of the economy. In exchange, hes rewareded with wealth.


The second and more important concept of transcendence 101 was the simple idea of transcendence. Transcendence is not something that can be explained in earthly terms. The closest synomym is trump.


Transcendence is an idea that destroys an entire rival system in one stroke. Transcendence is an unbreakable code. Its fixed dice. Its absolute victory. Its Trafalgar.


My classmates in Transcendence 101 were the elite, those who were extremely capable and extremely rebellious, those whod discovered some truth without Master Mueller.


On the last day of class, we took a field trip to the edge of a huge cliff. Beneath us, a vast rainforest stretched out its paradisical jaws. Master Mueller handed out cigars and brandy. He said, simply, Today I hand you the final solution. You will transcend.


Instantly, we all knew that he meant we were to jump off the cliff. The crowd of beautiful, long haired students beamed with excitement. Cooly, I lit up my cigar. It was a good cigar. It had that pleasant bitter taste. I felt contained. The brandy was also excellent.


We drank brandy and smoked our cigars slowly. They were very big cigars and took about half an hour to burn down. Meanwhile, we talked.


Master Mueller said, Ive taught you the truth. You should feel no more confusion. There is no death. This plane of existence is a learning experience. Once youve learned what you are to learn, you will move on to a higher plane of existence.


Student asked, But will we continue to exist as individuals or in some other way?


Master Mueller said, You will continue to exist as individuals. The higher levels of existence will merely offer you a more extensive existence. There will be less of fear and pain and more pleasure and mental engagement. Natural resources will be richer. Conscious existence will be less tenuos.


Student 5 asked, How should we go about jumping off the cliff?


Master Mueller replied, If you are to enter the kingdom of heaven, you must do so as a little child or as a submissive, dependent being. You must die not as a man but as a woman during sexual intercourse. Remember that to seek transcendence is a stage up from seeking life. When you seek life on this planet, you seek stability, control, and pleasure. Likewise, seek transcendence.


To Master Mueller, I said, Master Mueller, what advice would you-


Enough discussion, pupils, its time to transcend, said Mueller. Before we leave this earth, we should be submissive to it, because defense and not attack is the ruler of this particular world. Tradition is a form of stabilizing. And so I suggest that we pay a brief tribute to the traditional deity of this world, Jesus Christ.


We all closed our eyes and Master Mueller said the Lords prayer.


Ill lead the way, said Master Mueller and without ado, he jumped off the cliff. And so did about thirty students. I was the only one left alive.


Calmly, I walked away without even looking for the dead far below. Relaxed, I breathed deeply and swung my arms rythmically. In the masters teaching that defense and not attack was the rule of this world, I took great pleasure.


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Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Goals

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Goals



When I think of personal and or professional goals in my life I realize that my short term goals are the first step to achieving my long term goals. If goals didn't lead to something grater then what purpose would goals have at all? I also realize that personal and professional goals are pretty much one in the same. You can't be passionate about your profession unless it coincides with your personal life. I suppose than that I should start by expressing my short term goals both Personal and professional.


My main focus right now is learning how to live for me and go after what I want. I have almost completed a set goal now witch is to be more assertive when it comes to my education. For the past years of my high school career I have sat in classrooms where I felt very board. I knew I could do more advanced work. I knew the teachers were giving busy work. At that time my mindset was just get the grade and move on. I realized last year that I felt very unfulfilled and I hated school. I decided I didn't want to go to useless classes anymore. I decided to take charge of my education and sign up for Duel Enrolment. I am still working on this goal because my high school guidance councilor hasn't been much help to me. I know that anything I want when it comes to my education I am going to have to go after myself.


Another short term goal that in reality will be a life long task for me is not worrying so much about other people. What they think, what they say, and what they do. I have a problem feeling bad for people and putting myself out to help them. My biggest goal right now is to worry about me and my life and learning how to say no or I cant when I cant to my Dad. He is sick and has been for a long time he is constantly asking for money or stressing me out. I have to find a point where enough is enough I cant constantly put myself out for someone who never repays me.


A short term goal that I am sure will benefit me the most for my mid goals is to start a structured study plan. I am really bad about putting things off and I know that procrastinating is not going to get me anywhere. My goal is to set and follow a study plan religiously. By doing this it will become a habit and a good one to follow for the rest of my educational career.


Those goals bring me to my mid goal witch is finishing my education starting with graduating high school. I am almost there only months to go and then I will be well on my way to my goal of finishing nursing school. I want to be either an LPN or an RN. Achieving these goals will bring me to where I want to be as far as a career, witch is to be a school nurse.


After I have fulfilled these goals I have set for myself I would like to get married, have kids, and be a good wife and mother. I know that to achieve this I must start at the top with my initial goal for now and take it step by step so that my life will be fulfilled to the point I want it to be when I start a family. Once I learn to live for me I can learn how to live for someone else and my children. Once I have finished my education I can teach my children and help my household by making a living as a school nurse. I will have time to spend with my children after school and during the summer. I also have a back up plan because I can always work in a hospital as a nurse if need be. Therefore I know that if I follow my set goals step by step my professional life will allow me to live the type of personal life I want by letting me work and still have time for my family. That is why I feel that my personal and professional goals combined and achieved in steps will lead me to where I want to be forever.


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Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Broken Blossoms

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Lynching was the medium used to avenge the violation of a particular social norm. Whether this act is performed by an enraged mob or an individual (who inflicts punishment upon himself), the overt purpose is to maintain the status quo in general and send a message that keeps people in their place specifically. In Broken Blossoms, lynching and suicide (self-inflicted lynching) are used to avenge and solve the problem that the violation of Lucys purity caused.


Even though the Yellow Mans love for Lucy is depicted as being a pure and holy thing, it is still chronicled as a doomed interracial romance. It is made acceptable only in comparison to the brutality that Battling Burrows bestows upon Lucy.


The Yellow Mans violation or rape of Lucy is best portrayed in the scene after he gives her a doll. He moves close to her as if to kiss her and because he sees her fear he decides to find fulfillment in kissing her sleeve. Lucy is portrayed as a virgin child, who is not able to give permission for the Yellow Man to kiss her and he doesnt ask to kiss her. During the infamous closet scene, Battling Burrows is depicted as breaking into the closet and violating Lucy by reaching in to her space and pulling her out on to the bed. Once she is on the bed, he beats her to death with the handle of the whip. This depiction fully encapsulates the brutal violation that is rape.


To avenge Lucy being by Burroughs, Yellow Man takes a gun and goes to the house of Burrows and Lucy. Upon arrival, he discovers that Lucy is dead and confronts Burrows and the Yellow Man shoots him. This symbolises the atonement for Burroughs violation of Lucy. The Yellow Man then takes Lucys dead body back to his shop. He places her in his bed and kneels beside her to prepare for his own death. He drives a knife through his chest and commits suicide. The choice of the Yellow Man to commit suicide symbolises the atonement and punishment for his interracial transgressions with Lucy.


The lynching and suicide that were committed by the two male actors served to solve the problems that were created when the white virgin girl, Lucy, is violated by both of them. It completes the rape-lynch fantasy by dooming the interracial relationship that developed between Lucy and the Yellow Man and therefore solves the situation. Please note that this sample paper on Broken Blossoms is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Broken Blossoms, we are here to assist you.Your college papers on Broken Blossoms will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Monday, November 11, 2019

Racism:A Black Man's PerspectiveIn his essay, "A Black Man Ponders His Power To Alter Public Space," Brent Staples examines racism and the misconceptions that contribute to it.He writes of how something as simple and innocent as taking a late night

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Racism



A Black Man's Perspective


In his essay, "A Black Man Ponders His Power To Alter Public Space," Brent Staples examines racism and the misconceptions that contribute to it.He writes of how something as simple and innocent as taking a late night stroll subjected him to the racism and fear


of others, and of how his everyday life was under continuous scrutiny by a white society that both feared and misunderstood him. He discusses how black men are frequently victimized by white racist presumptions about their characters that are based solely upon the color of their skin.


Writing from the perspective of a black man, Staples makes his point right away in the essay by describing an encounter with a white woman while he is out for a late night walk.Her obvious fear of him even though she has no logical personal reason to fear him makes him realize that he has "the ability to alter public space in ugly ways." (Staples) If her reaction to him had been an isolated incident he would not have reached such a conclusion, but unfortunately, such experiences are all too common in his life.Simply because he is black, many white people automatically assume he is up to no good and react accordingly.


For example, Staples describes for his readers how, "when I was working as a journalist in Chicago and was rushing into the office of a magazine I was writing for with a deadline story in hand, I was mistaken for a burglar." (Staples) The racist assumption by the white people in the building that a black man who is running must be a burglar led to ridiculously unfair results, for the office manager called security and pursued Staples through the halls, nearly to his editor's door."I had no way of proving who I was," Staples explains in his essay."I could only move briskly toward the company of someone who knew me." (Staples)


These examples from the author's life demonstrate to me how black people must always be on the defensive, and constantly be prepared to be accused of something or be mistrusted by white people.Tragically, the entire race is stereotyped as criminal and dangerous by millions of white Americans because of racism and the actions of a small minority of violent blacks.


It is interesting how Mr. Staples decides to respond to these recurring situations. Somehow, despite all the unfair animosity he must face so often, he decides that he must accept how society views him and do whatever he can to not be perceived as a menace to anyone.To do otherwise, to object to every unfair look, every mistrustful observation, and every wary reaction to his presence, would be emotionally, psychologically, and physically exhausting.Staples knew it would be a losing battle.He would be seen by many whites as a confrontational, radical trouble-maker and just draw more unwanted attention to himself.


So he takes precautions whenever he might be in a situation in which he will be seen


by some as a threat.When he walks about at night he whistles classical music scores to signal that he is cultured and harmless.He is careful to hide the alienation he feels at being seen as an outsider, and makes every effort to smile and exude friendliness in public, so as to minimize and sometimes prevent white perceptions from forming that he is a dangerous criminal of some sort.


In "A Black Man Ponders His Power To Alter Public Space" Brent Staples eloquently conveys what it feels like to be subjected every day to racism and prejudice.In doing so he succeeds in altering the perspective of whites, who view racism from an entirely different position and tend to minimize its prevalence in society.After reading this essay,


I realized how difficult it must be for a human being to be feared, mistrusted, and looked upon with contempt just because of the color of his skin.


While I was reading the essay and for a long time afterwards, whenever I reflected upon the experiences of Mr. Staples, I found myself wondering whether I would be able to accept such unfair treatment day after day without lashing out at those who were treating me with such bigotry.I doubted that I would have it within me to turn the other cheek and be so polite and considerate to people who considered me an outcast, an inferior person, or worsea dangerous criminal.


"A Black Man Ponders His Power To Alter Public Space" opened my eyes to the realities of racism.I thought I understood all of the aspects of it, but I realized after reading the essay that I only had a grasp of racism from an academic perspective, not a human perspective.Brent Staples helped me see what racism feels like from the receiving end.


Bibliography



Staples, Brent. "A Black Man Ponders His Power To Alter Public Space." In The Borzoi College Reader.New York Knopf, 10.


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Thursday, November 7, 2019

How IPV-6 Is Going To Change The Net

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IPng short for Internet Protocol next generation, a new version of the Internet Protocol (IP) currently being reviewed in IETF standards committees. The official name of IPng is IPv6, where the v6 stands for version 6. The current version of IP is version 4, so it is sometimes referred to as IPv4.


IPng is designed as an evolutionary upgrade to the Internet Protocol and will, in fact, coexist with the older IPv4 for some time. IPng is designed to allow the Internet to grow steadily, both in terms of the number of hosts connected and the total amount of data traffic transmitted.


Due to recent concerns over the impending depletion of the current pool of Internet addresses and the desire to provide additional functionality for modern devices, an upgrade of the current version of the Internet Protocol (IP), called IPv4, is in the process of standardization. This new version, called IP Version 6 (IPv6), resolves unanticipated IPv4 design issues and is poised to take the Internet into the 1st Century. When the Internet was in its early years, its designers had developed a system that allowed four billion


Internet addresses, a huge figure representing the number of users, to communicate each other online at a time.


Today about 6 billion people inhabit the earth. They own an estimated 50 million computers and 480 million mobile phones. The number of mobile phones and PDAs is expected to reach one billion by 00.


The reason we are quickly moving beyond the capabilities of the current protocol has a lot to do with the propagation of wireless devices and new services, as well as the subsequent of massive demand for more addressees.


The very concept of computers is changing rapidly as cars, vending machines and even house hold applications follow the lead of the PC and become connected to the Internet. Each one will require its own unique address.


It is estimated that within seven to ten years a single user will manage an average of 10 addresses and this number could grow higher in future. Wireless gambling, music on demand, video content and video conferencing are becoming a reality. With IP V-6 every person on earth could have a million uniquely addressees and the individually locatable IP devices. With this kind of capability we could create the potential for virtually unlimited access to the Internet for nay number and variety of devises.


IPv6 Features


The Following Are The Features Of The Ipv6 Protocol


•New header format


•Large address space


•Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure


•Stateless and stateful address configuration


•Built-in security


•Better support for QoS


•New protocol for neighboring node interaction


•Extensibility


The following sections discuss each of these new features in detail.


New Header Format


The IPv6 header has a new format that is designed to keep header overhead to a minimum. This is achieved by moving both non-essential fields and optional fields to extension headers that are placed after the IPv6 header. The streamlined IPv6 header is more efficiently processed at intermediate routers.


IPv4 headers and IPv6 headers are not interoperable. IPv6 is not a superset of functionality that is backward compatible with IPv4. A host or router must use an implementation of both IPv4 and IPv6 in order to recognize and process bo th header formats. The new IPv6 header is only twice as large as the IPv4 header, even though IPv6 addresses are four times as large as IPv4 addresses.


Large Address Space


IPv6 has 18-bit (16-byte) source and destination IP addresses. Although 18 bits can express over .4e108 possible combinations, the large address space of IPv6 has been designed to allow for multiple levels of subnetting and address allocation from the Internet backbone to the individual subnets within an organization.


Even though only a small number of the possible addresses are currently allocated for use by hosts, there are plenty of addresses available for future use. With a much larger number of available addresses, address-conservation techniques, such as the deployment of NATs, are no longer necessary.


Efficient and Hierarchical Addressing and Routing Infrastructure


IPv6 global addresses used on the IPv6 portion of the Internet are designed to create an efficient, hierarchical, and summarizable routing infrastructure that is based on the common occurrence of multiple levels of Internet service providers. On the IPv6 Internet, backbone routers have much smaller routing tables, corresponding to the routing infrastructure of global ISPs. For more information, see Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses.


Stateless and Stateful Address Configuration


To simplify host configuration, IPv6 supports both stateful address configuration, such as address configuration in the presence of a DHCP server, and stateless address configuration (address configuration in the absence of a DHCP server). With stateless address configuration, hosts on a link automatically configure themselves with IPv6 addresses for the link (called link-local addresses) and with addresses derived from prefixes advertised by local routers. Even in the absence of a router, hosts on the same link can automatically configure themselves with link-local addresses and communicate without manual configuration.


Built-In Security


Support for IPsec is an IPv6 protocol suite requirement. This requirement provides a standards-based solution for network security needs and promotes interoperability between different IPv6 implementations.


Better Support for QoS


New fields in the IPv6 header define how traffic is handled and identified. Traffic identification using a Flow Label field in the IPv6 header allows routers to identify and provide special handling for packets belonging to a flow, a series of packets between a source and destination. Because the traffic is identified in the IPv6 header, support for QoS can be achieved even when the packet payload is encrypted through IPsec.


New Protocol for Neighboring Node Interaction


The Neighbor Discovery protocol for IPv6 is a series of Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6) messages that manage the interaction of neighboring nodes (nodes on the same link). Neighbor Discovery replaces the b roadcast-based Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), ICMPv4 Router Discovery, and ICMPv4 Redirect messages with efficient multicast and unicast Neighbor Discovery messages.


Extensibility


IPv6 can easily be extended for new features by adding extension headers after the IPv6 header. Unlike options in the IPv4 header, which can only support 40 bytes of options, the size of IPv6 extension headers is only constrained by the size of the IPv6 packet.


Types of IPv6 Addresses


There are three types of IPv6 addresses



1.Unicast



A unicast address identifies a single interface within the scope of the type of unicast address. With the appropriate unicast routing topology, packets addressed to a unicast address are delivered to a single interface. To accommodate load-balancing systems, RFC 7 allows for multiple interfaces to use the same address as long as they appear as a single interface to the IPv6 implementation on the host.


.Multicast



A multicast address identifies multiple interfaces. With the appropriate multicast routing topology, packets addressed to a multicast address are delivered to all interfaces that are identified by the address.


.Anycast



An anycast address identifies multiple interfaces. With the appropriate routing topology, packets addressed to an anycast address are delivered to a single interface, the nearest interface that is identified by the address. The nearest interface is defined as being closest in terms of routing distance. A multicast address is used for one-to-many communication, with delivery to multiple interfaces. An anycast address is used for one-to-one-of-many communication, with delivery to a single interface. In all cases, IPv6 addresses identify interfaces, not nodes. A node is identified by any unicast address assigned to one of its interfaces.


RFC 7 does not define a broadcast address. All types of IPv4 broadcast addressing are performed in IPv6 using multicast addresses. For example, the subnet and limited broadcast addresses from IPv4 are replaced with the link-local scope all-nodes multicast address of FF01.


Links and Subnets


Similar to IPv4, an IPv6 subnet prefix (subnet ID) is assigned to a single link. Multiple subnet IDs can be assigned to the same link. This technique is called multinetting.


Special IPv6 Addresses


The following are special IPv6 addresses


Unspecified address


The unspecified address (00000000 or ) is only used to indicate the absence of an address. It is equivalent to the IPv4 unspecified address of 0.0.0.0. The unspecified address is typically used as a source address for packets attempting to verify the uniqueness of a tentative address. The unspecified address is never assigned to an interface or used as a destination address.


Loopback address


The loopback address (00000001 or 1) is used to identify a loopback interface, enabling a node to send packets to itself. It is equivalent to the IPv4 loopback address of 17.0.0.1. Packets addressed to the loopback address must never be sent on a link or forwarded by an IPv6 router.


IPv6 and DNS


Enhancements to the Domain Name System (DNS) for IPv6 are described in RFC 1886 and consist of the following new elements


Host address (AAAA) resource record


IP6.INT domain for reverse queries


The Host Address (AAAA) Resource Record


A new DNS resource record type, AAAA (called quad A¨), is used for resolving a fully qualified domain name to an IPv6 address. It is comparable to the host address (A) resource record used with IPv4. The resource record type is named AAAA (Type value of 8) because 18-bit IPv6 addresses are four times as large as -bit IPv4 addresses. The following is an example of a AAAA resource record


host1.microsoft.com IN AAAA FEC0AAFFFEFA1C


A host must specify either a AAAA query or a general query for a specific host name in order to receive IPv6 address resolution data in the DNS query answer sections.


The IP6.INT Domain


The IP6.INT domain has be en created for IPv6 reverse queries. Also called pointer queries, reverse queries determine a host name based on the IP address. To create the namespace for reverse queries, each hexadecimal digit in the fully expressed -digit IPv6 address becomes a separate level in inverse order in the reverse domain hierarchy.


For example, the reverse lookup domain name for the address FEC0AAFFFEFA1C (fully expressed as FEC00000000000000AA 00FFFEFA1C) is C.1.A..F..E.F.F.F.0.0.A.A..0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.C.E.F.IP6.INT. The DNS support described in RFC 1886 represents a simple way to both map host names to IPv6 addresses and provide reverse name



Conclusion



The implementation of IPV-6 must be accomplished in a manner least disruptive to the network, the operators and the end users. We advocate a smooth IPV-4 and IPV-6 during the transition and are working on such alternatives.


Most people understand the value of IPV-6 but they also understand the challenges ahead in getting it deployed, and thats whats; holding them back. Internetworking IPV-4 and IPV-6 will be difficult but not impossible. IPV-6 will happen; it is only a question of how so.


Please note that this sample paper on How IPV-6 Is Going To Change The Net is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on How IPV-6 Is Going To Change The Net, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on How IPV-6 Is Going To Change The Net will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Liver Cancer

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Introduction


`Am I going to die?; `Will I be in pain?


Cancer is a frightening word surrounded by fears and myths. One of the greatest fears expressed by almost all newly diagnosed cancer patients is `Am I going to die?


-Did you know liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide?


-So have you ever wondered how our liver function?


-What causes liver cancer?


-What are the symptoms?


-What types of treatment?


-All this goes on inside our largest organ, a so called liver.


Liver cancer


-The liver is the largest organ in the body, and the main heat-producing organ. It is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and is divided into section called lobes. It is situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right hand side of the body and is surrounded and protected from injury by the lower ribs.


-Cancer is a group of diseases or genetic disorders that cause cells in the body to change and grow out of control. Most types of cancer cells form mass called a tumor. Malignant cancer cells may invade the blood or lymphatic vessels. And spread to other parts of the body where they continue to grow and inhibit normal body functions.


-There are two types of cancers found in the liver, the type that originates from the liver (called primary liver cancer), and the type that originates from the parts of the body and spreads to the liver (also called metastatic or secondary liver cancer). Primary liver cancer begins in the liver, the largest organ of the body.



Functions



-The liver is an extremely important organ that has many functions. This includes producing proteins that circulate in the blood. Some of these help the blood to clot and prevent excessive bleeding, while others are essential for maintaining the balance of fluid in the body. The liver also destroys harmful substances such as alcohol and gets rid of waste products. It does this by breaking down substances not used by the body so that they can be passed out in the urine or stools.


-The liver is also responsible for breaking down food containing carbohydrates (sugars) and fats, so they can be used by the body for energy. It stores substances such as glucose and vitamins so that they can be used by the body when needed. The liver also produces bile, a substance which breaks down the fats in food so that they can be absorbed from the intestine.


Causes



-In the western world, most people who develop hepatoma (cancer of liver cells) usually also have a condition called cirrhosis of the liver. This is a fine scarring throughout the liver which is due to a variety of causes including infection and heavy alcohol drinking over a long period of time. However, only a small proportion of people who have cirrhosis of the liver develop primary liver cancer.


-Infection with either the hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus can lead to liver cancer, and can also be the cause of cirrhosis which increases the risk of developing hepatoma.


-In the western world cancer of the liver usually occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, although rarely it can also affect children and young adults. It is three times as common in men as in women.


Symptoms



-In the early stages of primary liver cancer there are often no symptoms.


-People sometimes notice a vague discomfort in the upper abdomen that may become painful. This is due to enlargement of the liver. Pain can sometimes also be felt in the right shoulder. This is known as referred pain and is due to an enlarged liver stimulating nerves beneath the diaphragm (the sheet of muscle under the lungs) which are connected to nerves in the right shoulder.


-Loss of appetite, weight loss, feeling sick (nausea), and weakness and tiredness (lethargy) are common symptoms.


-Some people may also develop a high temperature and feel shivery.


Types of treatment



-Surgery



-Radiotherapy


-Tumour ablation


-Laser or radiofrequency (thermal) ablation


-Chemotherapy


-Surgery is the most effective treatment for liver cancer.


-Say if only one aread of the liver is affected by the cancer and the rest of the liver is healthy it may be possible to do an operation to remove the affected part this is called a liver resection. If the liver is severely damaged by cirrhosis it may not be safe for the patient to have such surgery.


-The liver has an amazing ability to repair itself. Even if up to three quarters of the liver is removed, it will start to regrow very quickly, and may be back to normal size within a few weeks.


-Removing the whole liver can replacing it with a liver from another person (liver transplantation) is another possible form of treatment for primary liver cancer but can only be done if there are no more than 4 tumours in the liver and are smaller than 5cm.


-Before any operation, it is important to discuss it fully with your doctor so that you understand what it involves.


-After your operation. The hospital staff will tell you what to expect after the operation. You may be taken to the intensive care ward until you have fully recovered from the anaesthetic (this usually takes about 4hours). It is normal to have some pain or discomfort after an operation on the liver. You will be given regular injections of painkillers for several days after the operation to prevent and relieve pain. Most people are able to go home 6-1 days after their operation and will need painkillers for the next few weeks. It may take up to six weeks before people start getting back to normal.


Conclusion



-In conclusion, liver cancer is a silent killer because the majority of the patients appear to be perfectly healthy and have no any early signs or symptoms.


-Liver cancer treatment remains difficult and requires a good understanding of many disciplines including cancer, diagnostic radiology, surgery, transplantation, and liver disease. Early diagnosis of small tumors is the only effective way of improving the outcome of liver cancer treatment, and that is only possible through screening of high risk population.


Please note that this sample paper on Liver Cancer is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Liver Cancer, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on Liver Cancer will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Friday, November 1, 2019

MacBeth

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The Tragedy of MacBeth is considered, as one of the best plays ever written.Like everything Shakespeare writes, this play emphasized on everyday problems in this world.Temptation and greed have been around since the beginning of time and will be a problem until the end of time.


The play starts out in a battle where MacBeth, Thane of Glamis, eventually defeats the traitorous Thane of Cawdor, only he doesn't know it was the Thane of Cawdor, he thought he was just fighting invaders.After proving his bravery in battle, he and his best friend Banquo met three witches.The witches decided they would predict MacBeth's future for him.In the apparitions of the witches, they saw him as Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and a future king.MacBeth thought that was impossible.After they told him he started to fear being king."Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear things that do sound fair?" (I..5-5).Banquo started to become curious of his future and asked the witches to foresee his future.They told him he would be lesser than MacBeth yet greater, he would be not so happy, yet happier and they said, "Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none." (I..67).Neither MacBeth nor Banquo knew what to make of these apparitions but were still interested."Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more." (I..70).The witches did not stick around however, after that they left.MacBeth then found that he was named Thane of Cawdor by King Duncan and really started to believe the witches prophecies.Banquo decided to let fate take it's course and does not want MacBeth to get the throne through any foul play.MacBeth wrote a letter home to his wife explaining the battle, the witches, his new title, and that the king would be coming over.


Lady MacBeth seems to be more interested in him being king than he."Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shall be what thou art promised."(I.5.1-14).She decides to devise a plan for MacBeth to gain the throne.The plan involved murdering Duncan while he is asleep and making it look like someone else did it.MacBeth agreed to the plan and tried to get Banquo to join his cause."If you shall cleave to my consent when tis, I shall make honor for you." (II.1.5-6).Banquo decides to go by his honor and refuse his offer to get the throne through foul play.Already Banquo knows too much.


The plan to murder Duncan goes over regardless and works like a charm.Both of Duncan's children flee the county and MacBeth acquires the throne through foul play.MacBeth is haunted by the fact that he murdered his king and close friend the whole time and rules with an iron fist.Lady MacBeth also can't stand the fact that she planned a murder and is haunted by the fact also.His countrymen hate him and everyone is scared of him.Eventually he becomes totally evil. MacBeth eventually decides that Banquo knows too much.He ordered Banquo and his son Fleance to be murdered.The plan goes well with Banquo but Fleance escaped.MacBeth becomes even more haunted after he murdered Banquo.He sees Banquo's ghost at a banquet he holds and that's when he goes off the deep end.After that he decides to act only on impulses.When he finds that his longtime friend named MacDuff suddenly flees the county he orders that every living thing in his castle to be destroyed.He ends up murdering MacDuff's whole family, including his children.MacBeth then sought out the three witches again for more on his future.The witches told him to beware of Macduff, not to worry until Burnum Wood comes to Dunsinane, and that no one of woman born can kill him.When MacDuff finds out the news of his family he allies with Duncan's son Malcolm in England.When the allied forces come to meet MacBeth, the troops use the forest as camouflage and it looks like the woods are coming up to the castle and strikes fear into MacBeth, he finds out that MacDuff is part of the opposing army making him fear more, and then MacDuff reveals to MacBeth that he wasn't born from a woman.MacDuff eventually kills MacBeth and Malcolm claims the throne, and justice is brought back to Scotland.


In conclusion, MacBeth was a descent person at first but temptation took over his emotions.He began to thirst for power and it eventually was taken too far.MacBeth ended up becoming greedy and even worse he tried to make his own fate and eventually died.All of the predictions came true, only he died making them come true instead of letting it happen.Banquo, on the other hand was smart and let fate take it's course.He represents the good, honest, hardworking people in the world.No matter what, he always picked honor over loyalty.The message in this story was hard to comprehend because Banquo represented good but was murdered.In the end of the story, good prevailed over evil but poses the question, is it worth dying for?


Please note that this sample paper on MacBeth is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on MacBeth, we are here to assist you.Your research papers on MacBeth will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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