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Introduction
`Am I going to die?; `Will I be in pain?
Cancer is a frightening word surrounded by fears and myths. One of the greatest fears expressed by almost all newly diagnosed cancer patients is `Am I going to die?
-Did you know liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide?
-So have you ever wondered how our liver function?
-What causes liver cancer?
-What are the symptoms?
-What types of treatment?
-All this goes on inside our largest organ, a so called liver.
Liver cancer
-The liver is the largest organ in the body, and the main heat-producing organ. It is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and is divided into section called lobes. It is situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right hand side of the body and is surrounded and protected from injury by the lower ribs.
-Cancer is a group of diseases or genetic disorders that cause cells in the body to change and grow out of control. Most types of cancer cells form mass called a tumor. Malignant cancer cells may invade the blood or lymphatic vessels. And spread to other parts of the body where they continue to grow and inhibit normal body functions.
-There are two types of cancers found in the liver, the type that originates from the liver (called primary liver cancer), and the type that originates from the parts of the body and spreads to the liver (also called metastatic or secondary liver cancer). Primary liver cancer begins in the liver, the largest organ of the body.
Functions
-The liver is an extremely important organ that has many functions. This includes producing proteins that circulate in the blood. Some of these help the blood to clot and prevent excessive bleeding, while others are essential for maintaining the balance of fluid in the body. The liver also destroys harmful substances such as alcohol and gets rid of waste products. It does this by breaking down substances not used by the body so that they can be passed out in the urine or stools.
-The liver is also responsible for breaking down food containing carbohydrates (sugars) and fats, so they can be used by the body for energy. It stores substances such as glucose and vitamins so that they can be used by the body when needed. The liver also produces bile, a substance which breaks down the fats in food so that they can be absorbed from the intestine.
Causes
-In the western world, most people who develop hepatoma (cancer of liver cells) usually also have a condition called cirrhosis of the liver. This is a fine scarring throughout the liver which is due to a variety of causes including infection and heavy alcohol drinking over a long period of time. However, only a small proportion of people who have cirrhosis of the liver develop primary liver cancer.
-Infection with either the hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus can lead to liver cancer, and can also be the cause of cirrhosis which increases the risk of developing hepatoma.
-In the western world cancer of the liver usually occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, although rarely it can also affect children and young adults. It is three times as common in men as in women.
Symptoms
-In the early stages of primary liver cancer there are often no symptoms.
-People sometimes notice a vague discomfort in the upper abdomen that may become painful. This is due to enlargement of the liver. Pain can sometimes also be felt in the right shoulder. This is known as referred pain and is due to an enlarged liver stimulating nerves beneath the diaphragm (the sheet of muscle under the lungs) which are connected to nerves in the right shoulder.
-Loss of appetite, weight loss, feeling sick (nausea), and weakness and tiredness (lethargy) are common symptoms.
-Some people may also develop a high temperature and feel shivery.
Types of treatment
-Surgery
-Radiotherapy
-Tumour ablation
-Laser or radiofrequency (thermal) ablation
-Chemotherapy
-Surgery is the most effective treatment for liver cancer.
-Say if only one aread of the liver is affected by the cancer and the rest of the liver is healthy it may be possible to do an operation to remove the affected part this is called a liver resection. If the liver is severely damaged by cirrhosis it may not be safe for the patient to have such surgery.
-The liver has an amazing ability to repair itself. Even if up to three quarters of the liver is removed, it will start to regrow very quickly, and may be back to normal size within a few weeks.
-Removing the whole liver can replacing it with a liver from another person (liver transplantation) is another possible form of treatment for primary liver cancer but can only be done if there are no more than 4 tumours in the liver and are smaller than 5cm.
-Before any operation, it is important to discuss it fully with your doctor so that you understand what it involves.
-After your operation. The hospital staff will tell you what to expect after the operation. You may be taken to the intensive care ward until you have fully recovered from the anaesthetic (this usually takes about 4hours). It is normal to have some pain or discomfort after an operation on the liver. You will be given regular injections of painkillers for several days after the operation to prevent and relieve pain. Most people are able to go home 6-1 days after their operation and will need painkillers for the next few weeks. It may take up to six weeks before people start getting back to normal.
Conclusion
-In conclusion, liver cancer is a silent killer because the majority of the patients appear to be perfectly healthy and have no any early signs or symptoms.
-Liver cancer treatment remains difficult and requires a good understanding of many disciplines including cancer, diagnostic radiology, surgery, transplantation, and liver disease. Early diagnosis of small tumors is the only effective way of improving the outcome of liver cancer treatment, and that is only possible through screening of high risk population.
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