Monday, August 13, 2018

Comparision on underground to canada the novel and film of same name

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Underground to Canada is about the suffering and the treatment of slaves in the mid 1th century and how the slaves with the help of the abolitionists attempted to break the chains of slavery and taste the freedom air in Canada.


The Novel



The book starts on a Plantation in Virginia owned by Jeb Hensen, This plantation seems to be more like a community as the atmosphere is relaxing and calm "music droned through the slave quarters of Jeb Hensen's Virginia Plantation."



Characters



There are many characters some I have explored into further.


Julilly, Liza, Adam, Ben, Lester and Mammy Sally all are slaves.


Mr Ross, Levi Coffin and Mr Jeb and Mrs Ella Brown, all were Abolitionists on the Underground Railway.


Mr and Mrs Hensen, Sims and Mr Riley are the slave owners and catchers.



Julilly



Julilly at the beginning of the book lived alone in cabin with her Mother Mammy Sally "Julilly went inside the cabin where she lived alone with Mammy Sally. The twelve year old grow faster than most other 1 year old girls at the plantation. " It was just that she grow faster than any other 1 year olds. She was called Julilly because she was born in June and her mother Mammy Sally liked Lillie's. "It was that Julilly was born in June and Mammy Sally liked Lillie's that she got her name." She comes across as a helpful and loving character who likes to help people she cared very much for Adam, Ben and Lester "pouring water over the bleeding ankles of Adam, Ben and Lester."



Liza



We don't much background information about Liza as she came in halfway through the story all we mostly know is that she was heavily beaten and was crippled "Julilly could see ugly scars running down her legs and across her cheeks." She had previously tried to escape. Her Father was a preacher.



Mr Ross



Alexander Milton Ross, who appeared in the book was a real life Abolitionist. He was a Naturalist and physician, born on December 1th in 18 at Belleville, Upper Canada, and died in Detroit, Michigan on October 7th, 187. He was an outspoken abolitionist who in 1855 when he was decided upon an active career of helping slaves escape from he deep south to Canada. Ross made at least five trips to the southern states, posing as a bird watcher and in five years he helped 1 or more slaves escape to Canada.


At the beginning of the book, Julilly is a slave at the Hensen Plantation, which is owned by Massa Hensen, who is a strict, but good-hearted man. She lives with her Mother Mammy Sally, who is a cook in the Big House kitchen, in a cabin all of their own. Even though they are slaves, they are happy with their life, yet they still strive for freedom. One day, Mammy Sally tells Julilly about a place called Canada where everybody, no matter what the colour of their skin, is free.


The next day Sims, a slave trader from The Deep South, comes and buys Julilly along with Lester, Ben and Adam and some other slaves. Julilly is very afraid, but promises herself to be brave for the sake of the young children who are travelling with her. As the wagon with Julilly and the other slave children in leaves the Henson Plantation, all Julilly can hear is the clanging of the chains that are wrapped around the feet of the men, Ben, Lester and Adam. All she can feel is the sweaty dry skin of all the other slave children. The cart stops at a stream where a man is chopping wood, beside him is a young boy called James, he is not a slave anymore. He is free. Mr Fox (Abolitionist) employs him. Mr Fox tells James to get some water and drinking gourds for the slaves. Julilly and the other slaves are extremely grateful


The wagon sets off again. Julilly and the little children are still travelling in the wagon getting closer to the Deep South. The uncomfortable, dusty wagon has almost become a home to them, they have been there so long. They are very hungry, and have only been given a cold hoecake with a sop of grease on top. They havent had anything to drink since Sims stopped to fish and James gave them a drink from the river.


When it starts to rain Lester, Adam and Ben get stuck in a swamp. They cannot get up again because of their chains. With a sudden movement, Julilly loses her fear. She knows what she has to do. She slides out of the cart to help. Lester smiles he is proud of her. Once the wagon is on dry land the sun begins to shine.


When the wagon reaches its destination, the Riley Plantation, Julilly notices that the atmosphere is nothing like that of the Hensen plantation. At least at the Hensen plantation the slaves were relatively happy and talkative, but at the Riley plantation the slaves are lifeless, unhappy and silent. The plantation is owned by Massa Riley, and Sims is the overseer of the slaves. The only welcome Julilly receives from anyone on the plantation is from Liza, a crippled child of around the same age as Julilly.


Julilly makes friends with Liza. Julilly realises that at the Riley Plantation there is a lot of whipping, mostly done by Sims, the evil overseer. The slaves are treated more like pigs than people, as they have to "suck their mushy food of corn meal from a trough." Julilly begins to realise just why they call it the Deep South. After Julilly has experienced her first day cotton picking, she and Liza begin to discuss Canada. Liza and Julilly talk more about Canada but some other slaves think that Canada is a cold and unattractive place.


Mr Alexander Ross, a white man, arrives at the plantation from Canada. Julilly notices him and how he differs from the Americans. Julilly notices that there is something different about Mr Ross. Lester and Adam are chosen by Mr Ross to help him look for birds. Liza and Julilly decide that their destiny is to escape to Canada. Julilly and Liza decide that they are going to escape before the cotton picking has finished. They are afraid and not afraid.


On Sunday the day when washing and cooking is done at Massa Rileys plantation. Julilly is sitting near the boiling clothes kettle when Lester catches her eye. He motions to her to follow him. She stands up and follows him behind the trees. Lester mutters to Julilly "Mr Ross is here to free slaves not to catch birds. We are meeting him tonight in the woods, bring Liza with you and keep quiet.


It is a cold night but still they go out to meet Mr Ross, who is waiting in the middle of the woods.Ive wanted to meet you for some time now, says Mr Ross to Julilly and Liza.Ive heard a lot about you, he continues. He lowers his voice, I am here to help you get out of this horrible place and to get you to Canada. They talk about how they plan to get there and decide to leave the following Saturday. The slaves walk slowly back to their cabins, trying hard not to be seen.


On the Friday Julilly and Liza start to gather their belongings. Lester will bring scissors to clip their hair and Mr Ross will bring boys clothes for them to wear.


On the day of the escape there is no sun, not a peep. Julilly is scared that a storm will start and they will not be able to start on their journey. She looks up and sees Mr Ross, with Lester, walking out of the woods. As they walk Julilly sees Lester nod - they will go to Canada. There will be no more whippings from Sims and no more cotton picking. This will be the last time that Julilly and Liza grovel at Massa Sims feet. This will be the last time that they will be in this horrible place, working for him.


That night as planned they escaped out of the plantation. After a few days of travelling, Lester sees a sign that reads Tennessee. This means there should be a wagon near by with Mr Ross or his friend in it, waiting for them. They hide in some grass by the side of the road. Two men gallop past on horses. One of the men looks very like Sims.


Soon a wagon comes and stops beside the grass where they are hiding. Julilly stands up and whispers, Who is you? She hears the reply Friends with friends, that was the password used by the Underground Railroad that Massa Ross had taught them. The man tells them to jump into the back of the wagon and stay still and quiet under the hay and canvas. They start on their way, but are stopped by the men on horseback who want to search the wagon. The man shows them that it is just hay, and tells them he is taking it to his Cousin in the next town. The man gets back in his wagon and off they go. The slaves are taken to a barn for the night, then start travelling again the next day. Adam, Lester, Julilly and Liza are all being taken across the state border by a friendly Abolitionist in his hay cart. They are lying in the hay being bounced along. They are all very thirsty. When the cart turns down road and stops, the abolitionist rips back the cover and shows them a barn. The slaves drink greedily at a little stream near by.


The little Quaker leads them into a house and shows them a pack of food. He gives them a compass and leaves after telling them about Levi Coffin (the head of the Underground Railroad), and to not forget his name. They open the bundle of food and eat. Lester and Adam go out fishing. Julilly and Liza make a bed and a table; they hear the sound of men and dogs, then the pain cries of men. They know that Lester and Adam have been caught. They kick down the table, grab their supper Julilly and Liza begin their journey to the Appalachian mountains. They do not have much food and only eat a few berries and a small portion of their rations. It is dark they become more cautious, as Lester and Adam have been captured. They travel up the steep mountains until early morning when they find a small cave to rest in. They crawl to the back and collapse. Julilly and Liza sleep through the afternoon sun and awake in the evening. They can barely walk. Every bone in their bodies aches with pain. They are weak with hunger. They feel they cannot go on without food. So Julilly makes the difficult decision to try to buy some food at the nearby houses. She pulls out the dollar bills that Alexander Ross had given her. She need not have bothered for the old women in the first house threatens her with a rifle and orders her off her land.


Luckily the next day they stagger exhausted and starving into the Mennonite village of Felsheim, where they are welcomed and cared for. The next day after a good nights sleep Refreshed, fed, and with more food for the rest of their journey, they set off with renewed hope. Julilly and Liza are walking at night on the high mountain path. The path is described by Liza as as slim as the string bindin a cotton bale. It is windy, raining and very cold. Julilly and Liza need to make a shelter. They see an overhanging rock and dig from underneath it until their little hands are bleeding, but still they dig until it is big enough to hold both of them. They block the entrance with tree limbs so that the slave catchers would not see anything suspicious if they came to look for them. In the morning they sit and eat the food given to them by the good women of Felsheim.


After a day walking down into the valley, they meet a kind man named Joe early the next morning. Julilly asks him which town they are coming to next and he answers "Lexington, Kentucky". He gives them some food and they find out that Joe is also a slave. He has given them his days ration of food. During the night they follow the tracks in the moonlight until they hear a dog. They meet its owner who tells them the way to Jeb Browns home. Julilly and Liza are sleeping safely in Jeb and Ella Browns warm house. Pal their dog is sleeping with his nose at the door. He is sniffing for people. Suddenly Pal smells something, He goes and warns Jeb and Ella that trouble is coming. Ella makes her way to where Julilly and Liza are sleeping. She wakes them and they roll up their mats and take all their stuff up on the roof. They are told to lie flat against the roof.


Two men arrive on horseback, Sheriff Starkey and a companion. They have a warrant to search the house. They search all over but find nothing. Jeb cannot risk getting caught again, so he decides to row them across the river that night. He calls across the river and waits for a signal. Three calls answer him. Julilly and Liza climb into Jebs boat. The girls have to crouch low and hold on to the sides so from a distance they cannot be seen. Finally they reach the shore, where a white man lifts them out of the boat and puts them in a horse-drawn cart. They start moving and a voice says to them If all goes well, well reach the home of Levi Coffin in Cincinnati by morning. If we are stopped, dont make a sound.


They reach there safely and then they sleep. Julilly and Liza pay a risky visit to Levi Coffin and his wife, Catherine. While they are there, the sheriff arrives with orders to search the entire house. Catherine, or Auntie Katie as she is known, hides them in her bed clothes until its safe to come out again.


Although the sheriff leaves quite quickly, the Coffins are sure that hell be back soon with more men. They hastily feed, wash and provide the girls with some new clothes and set Julilly and Liza on their way to Canada and freedom.


They meet Mr Ross again, thin and tired, and they hear that Adam is dead.They are now into the last few stages of the journey. They are told to climb aboard a boat called the mayflower.The captain of the boat helps Julilly and Liza to hide from the slave hunters. This is the last part of the journey to Canada, the place they have longed, for so long. Julilly and Liza feel great anger that slave hunters have chased them all the way to Canada, as the slave traders get on the Mayflower and search it. The girls are safe, however, hidden in the life-boat. Julilly and Liza finally reach Canada.


They meet Ezra Wilson, who takes them on a cart ride and talks to them about Canada., who is still as proud as always. Julilly and Mammy Sally are reunited. They then meet a very smart looking Lester. Julilly and Mammy Sally embrace. Mammy Sally accepts Liza as one of the family. The ex-slaves are now free and have been building houses for themselves and others. Mammy Sally, Julilly and Liza go to live together as a family in their new home. They may be poor but they are happy. Despite life being hard and being unwanted by the whites, they find it better than been cooped up on a stuffy plantation in the South.


The Film



The film focuses on the escape of the slaves Sarah, Thomas (blacksmith), Minnie and Walter, who are convinced by MR Ross, who is allegedly visiting their Plantation on a bird-watching expedition, to see if they will accept the assistance of the Underground Railroad to escape to Canada.


At the beginning of the film it shows someone in a hall introducing the Fugitive slave law. The law meant that it was illegal to hide slaves and gave the government and the authorities the power to recapture slaves and imprison the violators.


When Mr Ross arrives at the plantation the owner greets him. The next day MR Ross takes Thomas to help him look for birds whilst out in the woods Mr Ross talks about the land of Canada and the opportunity that await them at first Thomas ignores him but eventually he accepts the offer. Thomas then returns to the plantation to tell everyone about Mr Ross and what he has proposed. It takes a while for Sarah to agree but eventually she agrees to meet up with Thomas, Minnie, Walter and Mr Ross in the woods to talk about the escape.


A few days later Mr Ross leaves and goes to the local Post Office to post a letter to Levi Coffin to tell him that he should be expecting "Dry cargo" this is the name given to the slaves so that no one becomes suspicious.


Mean while back at the plantation, Thomas, Minnie, Sarah and Walter are escaping. When people eventually realise that they are missing, Bounty hunters are called in to find the slaves, they leave to search for them, whilst the owner of the plantation travels to the sheriffs office to get help with tracking down Mr Ross who has been suspected of helping the slaves escape. They eventually track down Mr Ross and he is placed in jail.


The slaves eventually arrive at a small-protected area where they stay for the night. The next day they travel to a nearby road where they wait for Mr Ross to arrive on a cart. The cart arrives but there is no Mr Ross they are not sure at this point whether to approach the driver. Eventually Thomas plucks up the courage to approach the cart and uses the Underground Railroad password "Friend with a Friend" that Mr Ross had taught them back at the plantation.


The Driver knew the password, he ushers Thomas and his companions into his cart, and tells them what has happened to Mr Ross. The cart driver then drops them off later on. The slaves later come across a house with a candle shining in the window the sign of a controller of the Underground Railroad. Thomas walks up to the door, knocks, and uses the password "Friend with a friend". The man comes out and shows them to a barn were they spend the night. Mean while back at the Jail Mr Ross has been let go and he begins his search to find the fugitives.


The next day back at the barn Thomas and Walter travel outside the barn amidst protests from Minnie and Sarah to Stay, As they search the area, the slave catchers come head to head with them Thomas gets caught and his life is spared, but Walter is shot and dies. The girls run from the barn after hearing the shots to see what has happened, in the process Sarah grabs a pitchfork and stabs one of the slave catchers in the back. The girls flee from the scene and hide nearby. Mean while back at the barn Thomas is tied in chains and is taken to a market.


Back with Sarah and Minnie they continue on their journey to Canada. This leg of their Journey has taken them into the mountains were the paths become tight and treacherous.


Back with Mr Ross he travels to a slave auction to see if the slaves have been captured, and are been sold on instead of been taken back to the plantation. His searching pays off and he finds Thomas been sold at auction, during the bidding for Thomas, Mr Ross approaches the auctioneer and informs him that this is an illegal sale and that if he sells Thomas to him he will not alert the rightful owner. The auctioneer sells him the slave and they return to a house were they discuss what to do next they decide to travel up to Cincinnati to see Levi Coffin. They travel by train and arrive in Cincinnati the following day. Together, they meet the renowned Harriet Tubman, who is determined to keep the Railroad running despite increased surveillance by the authorities.


Later that day a slave wagon leaves for Canada at this point Thomas and Mr Ross are separated as Thomas boards the wagon for the final leg of the journey into Canada.


Meanwhile Sarah and Minnie are still travelling up the mountains. Whilst putting her hand onto a ledge Minnie is bitten by a snake and dies. Sarah carries on and is found by Jeb Brown an abolitionist who takes her in and gives her food and clothes.


A couple of days later after she has been nursed back to health Jeb Brown takes her up further to a woman who is also harbouring a boy. The two of them travel into Canada together in a small boat and get separated at this point. Sarah is taken to a white woman's house were she gets fed and learns of a welcoming for all new slaves to the area been built and there is a list of people who helped make it and after reading it again she notices that Thomas, her Lover is on the list she sets out to see if Thomas is still working at the Blacksmiths and the pair are reunited.


The next scene is in a field surrounded by a forest and mountains were they map out their house as they are returning to their cart they are met by the two bounty hunters who have crossed the border into Canada. His slave Solomon who wants his rightful freedom shoots the white hunter in the back, takes his papers, and rides off into the woods.


Finally, they join in celebrating the gift of the Liberty Bell given to the town of Buxton, Ontario, by the Black community of Pittsburgh.


Conclusion



Both the Book and the film were excellent and they were both about slavery I feel that they had many differences e.g. Characters, Plot, Scenery and audience. This is probably because the filmmakers adapted the storyline to suit their own requirements (make it more exciting).


The book seems to focus on friendship and the Underground Railroad whereas the Film focuses on Slavery on a whole and a bit about the Underground Railroad. Personally I preferred the book to the film because it was more realistic and the focus on Julilly and Liza's friendship as they progressed on their journey.


I found the plot in the book more realistic and believable because it described things in much more detail and gave you a better idea of what was going on and you knew who was who and what they were like. In the film, it took a while for me to work out who was who.


Overall, I preferred the book because I felt as if I knew the people and how they were feeling I also feel it had a better storyline covering some aspects of slavery.


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